depression Who acts: Depression, illness, person, doctors, low air pressure, many people · What happens: be, make, feel, help, bring, have · To what, where: illness, person, hollow place, surface, area, weather · Speech: someone speaks here
«depression» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: depression in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Depression is an illness of the mind that makes a person feel very sad, empty, tired or hopeless for a long time, much more than ordinary sadness; doctors and counsellors can help.
The tree, 32 words nsubj cop det case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl det obj xcomp advmod xcomp punct parataxis punct conj cc conj case det amod obl punct advmod conj case amod obl punct nsubj cc conj aux acl:relcl punct root Depression NOUN is AUX an DET illness NOUN of ADP the DET mind NOUN that PRON makes VERB a DET person NOUN feel VERB very ADV sad ADJ , PUNCT empty ADJ , PUNCT tired ADJ or CCONJ hopeless ADJ for ADP a DET long ADJ time NOUN , PUNCT much ADV more ADJ than ADP ordinary ADJ sadness NOUN ; PUNCT doctors NOUN and CCONJ counsellors NOUN can AUX help VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Depression depression NOUN Number=Sing 4 illness nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 illness cop 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 illness det 4 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 mind case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 mind det 7 mind mind NOUN Number=Sing 4 illness nmod 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 makes nsubj 9 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 illness acl:relcl 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 person det 11 person person NOUN Number=Sing 9 makes obj 12 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 makes xcomp 13 very very ADV _ 14 sad advmod 14 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 12 feel xcomp 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 empty punct 16 empty empty ADJ Degree=Pos 9 makes parataxis 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 tired punct 18 tired tired ADJ Degree=Pos 16 empty conj 19 or or CCONJ _ 20 hopeless cc 20 hopeless hopeless ADJ Degree=Pos 16 empty conj 21 for for ADP _ 24 time case 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 time det 23 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 24 time amod 24 time time NOUN Number=Sing 9 makes obl 25 , , PUNCT _ 27 more punct 26 much much ADV _ 27 more advmod 27 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 9 makes conj 28 than than ADP _ 30 sadness case 29 ordinary ordinary ADJ Degree=Pos 30 sadness amod 30 sadness sadness NOUN Number=Sing 27 more obl 31 ; ; PUNCT _ 32 doctors punct 32 doctors doctor NOUN Number=Plur 36 help nsubj 33 and and CCONJ _ 34 counsellors cc 34 counsellors counsellor NOUN Number=Plur 32 doctors conj 35 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 36 help aux 36 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 illness acl:relcl 37 . . PUNCT _ 4 illness punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Depression a illness of the mind tree rules 2 make present a illness a person time tree rules 3 feel infinitive a person not said here sad property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 4 help can doctors and counsellors a illness not said here vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent illness=Beneficiary
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A depression is a hollow or low place in a surface.
det nsubj cop det amod cc conj case det nmod punct root A DET depression NOUN is AUX a DET hollow ADJ or CCONJ low ADJ place NOUN in ADP a DET surface NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 depression det 2 depression depression NOUN Number=Sing 8 place nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 place cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 place det 5 hollow hollow ADJ Degree=Pos 8 place amod 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 low cc 7 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 5 hollow conj 8 place place NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 in in ADP _ 11 surface case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 surface det 11 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 8 place nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 place punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a depression a hollow place a surface tree rules
Meaning 3 In weather, a depression is an area of low air pressure that often brings clouds, wind and rain.
The tree, 18 words case obl punct det nsubj cop det case amod compound nmod nsubj advmod acl:relcl obj punct conj cc conj punct root In ADP weather NOUN , PUNCT a DET depression NOUN is AUX an DET area NOUN of ADP low ADJ air NOUN pressure NOUN that PRON often ADV brings VERB clouds NOUN , PUNCT wind NOUN and CCONJ rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 weather case 2 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 8 area obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 weather punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 depression det 5 depression depression NOUN Number=Sing 8 area nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 area cop 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 area det 8 area area NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 12 pressure case 10 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 12 pressure amod 11 air air NOUN Number=Sing 12 pressure compound 12 pressure pressure NOUN Number=Sing 8 area nmod 13 that that PRON PronType=Rel 15 brings nsubj 14 often often ADV _ 15 brings advmod 15 brings bring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 pressure acl:relcl 16 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 15 brings obj 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 wind punct 18 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 16 clouds conj 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 rain cc 20 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 16 clouds conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 8 area punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a depression a area weather of low air pressure tree rules 2 bring present low air pressure clouds and wind and rain often property vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent cloud=Theme
Meaning 4 A depression is a long time when many people have no work and little money: the Great Depression of the 1930s.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det amod mark amod nsubj acl det obj cc amod conj punct det amod appos case det nmod punct root A DET depression NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ time NOUN when SCONJ many ADJ people NOUN have VERB no DET work NOUN and CCONJ little ADJ money NOUN : PUNCT the DET Great ADJ Depression PROPN of ADP the DET 1930s NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 depression det 2 depression depression NOUN Number=Sing 6 time nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 time cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 time det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 time amod 6 time time NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 when when SCONJ _ 10 have mark 8 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 9 people amod 9 people people NOUN Number=Plur 10 have nsubj 10 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 time acl 11 no no DET PronType=Neg 12 work det 12 work work NOUN Number=Sing 10 have obj 13 and and CCONJ _ 15 money cc 14 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 15 money amod 15 money money NOUN Number=Sing 12 work conj 16 : : PUNCT _ 19 Depression punct 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 Depression det 18 Great Great ADJ Degree=Pos 19 Depression amod 19 Depression Depression PROPN Number=Sing 6 time appos 20 of of ADP _ 22 1930s case 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 1930s det 22 1930s 1930 NOUN Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card 19 Depression nmod 23 . . PUNCT _ 6 time punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a depression a long time tree rules 2 have present many people no work and little money vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Patient
Example 1 My uncle had depression, and talking to a doctor helped him get better.
The tree, 13 words nmod:poss nsubj obj punct cc csubj case det obl conj obj xcomp xcomp punct root My PRON uncle NOUN had VERB depression NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ talking VERB to ADP a DET doctor NOUN helped VERB him PRON get VERB better ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 uncle nmod:poss 2 uncle uncle NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 depression depression NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 11 helped punct 6 and and CCONJ _ 11 helped cc 7 talking talk VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 helped csubj 8 to to ADP _ 10 doctor case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 doctor det 10 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing 7 talking obl 11 helped help VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 had conj 12 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 helped obj 13 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 helped xcomp 14 better good ADJ Degree=Cmp 13 get xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past My uncle depression vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent depression=Patient 2 talk gerund to a doctor vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to doctor=Co-Agent 3 help past talking uncle vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary clause=Theme 4 get infinitive uncle not said here good property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 2 If you feel sad for a long time, tell a trusted adult.
mark nsubj advcl xcomp case det amod obl punct det amod obj punct root If SCONJ you PRON feel VERB sad ADJ for ADP a DET long ADJ time NOUN , PUNCT tell VERB a DET trusted VERB adult NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 feel mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 feel nsubj 3 feel feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 tell advcl 4 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 3 feel xcomp 5 for for ADP _ 8 time case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 time det 7 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 8 time amod 8 time time NOUN Number=Sing 3 feel obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 3 feel punct 10 tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 adult det 12 trusted trust VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 adult amod 13 adult adult NOUN Number=Sing 10 tell obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 10 tell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel a condition, not said to happen present you time sad property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 tell speech: assert imperative you not said here a trusted adult vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient 3 trust participle vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 3 A deep depression is moving in from the Atlantic, bringing rain.
det amod nsubj aux advmod case det obl punct conj obj punct root A DET deep ADJ depression NOUN is AUX moving VERB in ADV from ADP the DET Atlantic PROPN , PUNCT bringing VERB rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 depression det 2 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 3 depression amod 3 depression depression NOUN Number=Sing 5 moving nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 moving aux 5 moving move VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 in in ADV _ 5 moving advmod 7 from from ADP _ 9 Atlantic case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Atlantic det 9 Atlantic Atlantic PROPN Number=Sing 5 moving obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 bringing punct 11 bringing bring VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 moving conj 12 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 11 bringing obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 moving punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move in present · progressive a deep depression the Atlantic vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from atlantic=Trajectory 2 bring gerund a deep depression not said here rain vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent rain=Theme
Example 4 The rain collected in a depression in the field.
det acl case det obl case det obl punct root The DET rain NOUN collected VERB in ADP a DET depression NOUN in ADP the DET field NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rain det 2 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 collected collect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 rain acl 4 in in ADP _ 6 depression case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 depression det 6 depression depression NOUN Number=Sing 3 collected obl 7 in in ADP _ 9 field case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 field det 9 field field NOUN Number=Sing 3 collected obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 rain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 collect participle the rain not said here a depression in the field vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 5 During the Great Depression, many families were very poor.
case det amod obl punct amod nsubj cop advmod punct root During ADP the DET Great ADJ Depression PROPN , PUNCT many ADJ families NOUN were AUX very ADV poor ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 During during ADP _ 4 Depression case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 Depression det 3 Great Great ADJ Degree=Pos 4 Depression amod 4 Depression Depression PROPN Number=Sing 10 poor obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 Depression punct 6 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 7 families amod 7 families family NOUN Number=Plur 10 poor nsubj 8 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 poor cop 9 very very ADV _ 10 poor advmod 10 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 poor punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past many families during the Great Depression poor property tree rules
Example 6 A tropical depression can grow into a hurricane.
det amod nsubj aux case det obl punct root A DET tropical ADJ depression NOUN can AUX grow VERB into ADP a DET hurricane NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 depression det 2 tropical tropical ADJ Degree=Pos 3 depression amod 3 depression depression NOUN Number=Sing 5 grow nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 grow aux 5 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 into into ADP _ 8 hurricane case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 hurricane det 8 hurricane hurricane NOUN Number=Sing 5 grow obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow can a tropical depression into a hurricane result vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into hurricane=Result
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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