des Who acts: Des, pommes, la, des enfants, man, j'ai des bonbons · What happens: mean, be, enfant, name, sound, have · To what, where: some, apples, short form, ear French, French, sweets · Speech: someone speaks here
«des» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: des in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: French — kept apart, not parsed.
«Des» means «some» before a plural noun: «des pommes» is «some apples».
The tree, 12 words punct nsubj punct punct obj punct case det amod obl punct punct det nsubj punct cop punct det appos punct punct root « PUNCT Des PROPN » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT some DET » PUNCT before ADP a DET plural ADJ noun NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT des X pommes NOUN » PUNCT is AUX « PUNCT some DET apples NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Des punct 2 Des Des PROPN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Des punct 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 some punct 6 some some DET PronType=Ind 4 means obj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 some punct 8 before before ADP _ 11 noun case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 noun det 10 plural plural ADJ Degree=Pos 11 noun amod 11 noun noun NOUN Number=Sing 4 means obl 12 : : PUNCT _ 20 apples punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 15 pommes punct 14 des des X Foreign=Yes 15 pommes det 15 pommes pomme NOUN Number=Plur 20 apples nsubj 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 pommes punct 17 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 apples cop 18 « « PUNCT _ 20 apples punct 19 some some DET PronType=Ind 20 apples det 20 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 11 noun appos 21 » » PUNCT _ 20 apples punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Des some before a plural noun vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Topic 2 is a in a quote present des pommes some apples tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: French — kept apart, not parsed.
«Des» also means «of the» or «from the» for plural things: «la maison des enfants» is «the children's house».
The tree, 20 words punct nsubj punct advmod punct case det punct cc punct case det punct case amod obl punct punct nsubj flat:foreign compound nsubj punct cop punct det nmod:poss case ccomp punct punct root « PUNCT Des PROPN » PUNCT also ADV means VERB « PUNCT of ADP the DET » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT from ADP the DET » PUNCT for ADP plural ADJ things NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT la X maison X des NOUN enfants NOUN » PUNCT is AUX « PUNCT the DET children NOUN 's PART house NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Des punct 2 Des Des PROPN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Des punct 4 also also ADV _ 5 means advmod 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 « « PUNCT _ 30 house punct 7 of of ADP _ 30 house case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 30 house det 9 » » PUNCT _ 8 the punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 30 house cc 11 « « PUNCT _ 30 house punct 12 from from ADP _ 30 house case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 30 house det 14 » » PUNCT _ 30 house punct 15 for for ADP _ 17 things case 16 plural plural ADJ Degree=Pos 17 things amod 17 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 30 house obl 18 : : PUNCT _ 23 enfants punct 19 « « PUNCT _ 20 la punct 20 la la X Foreign=Yes 23 enfants nsubj 21 maison maison X Foreign=Yes 20 la flat:foreign 22 des des NOUN Number=Sing 23 enfants compound 23 enfants enfant NOUN Number=Plur 30 house nsubj 24 » » PUNCT _ 23 enfants punct 25 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 30 house cop 26 « « PUNCT _ 30 house punct 27 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 children det 28 children child NOUN Number=Plur 30 house nmod:poss 29 's 's PART _ 28 children case 30 house house NOUN Number=Sing 5 means ccomp 31 » » PUNCT _ 30 house punct 32 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Des vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 enfant in a quote la tree rules 3 is in a quote present des enfants of the children's house; for plural things tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.
Des is a short form of the man's name Desmond.
nsubj cop det amod case det nmod:poss case nmod appos punct root Des PROPN is AUX a DET short ADJ form NOUN of ADP the DET man NOUN 's PART name NOUN Desmond PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Des Des PROPN Number=Sing 5 form nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 form cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 form det 4 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 5 form amod 5 form form NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 10 name case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 man det 8 man man NOUN Number=Sing 10 name nmod:poss 9 's 's PART _ 8 man case 10 name name NOUN Number=Sing 5 form nmod 11 Desmond Desmond PROPN Number=Sing 10 name appos 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 form punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Des a short form of the man's name tree rules 2 name the man nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Meaning 4 To an English ear French «des» sounds like «day».
case det amod compound obl punct nsubj punct case punct obl punct punct root To ADP an DET English ADJ ear NOUN French PROPN « PUNCT des NOUN » PUNCT sounds VERB like ADP « PUNCT day NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to ADP _ 5 French case 2 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 ear det 3 English English ADJ Degree=Pos 4 ear amod 4 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 5 French compound 5 French French PROPN Number=Sing 9 sounds obl 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 des punct 7 des des NOUN Number=Sing 9 sounds nsubj 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 des punct 9 sounds sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 like like ADP _ 12 day case 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 day punct 12 day day NOUN Number=Sing 9 sounds obl 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 day punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 9 sounds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sound present des ear French day vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to french=Experiencer
Meaning 5 In old Southern speech, des means just or simply.
case amod amod obl punct nsubj advmod cc conj punct root In ADP old ADJ Southern ADJ speech NOUN , PUNCT des NOUN means VERB just ADV or CCONJ simply ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 speech case 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 speech amod 3 Southern southern ADJ Degree=Pos 4 speech amod 4 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 7 means obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 speech punct 6 des des NOUN Number=Sing 7 means nsubj 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 just just ADV _ 7 means advmod 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 simply cc 10 simply simply ADV _ 8 just conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present des in old Southern speech vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in speech=Attribute
Example 1 In French, «j'ai des bonbons» means «I have some sweets».
The tree, 10 words case obl punct punct compound compound nsubj punct punct nsubj ccomp det obj punct punct root In ADP French PROPN , PUNCT « PUNCT j'ai X des NOUN bonbons NOUN » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT I PRON have VERB some DET sweets NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 French case 2 French French PROPN Number=Sing 9 means obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 French punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 7 bonbons punct 5 j'ai j'ai X _ 7 bonbons compound 6 des des NOUN Number=Sing 7 bonbons compound 7 bonbons bonbon NOUN Number=Plur 9 means nsubj 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 bonbons punct 9 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 « « PUNCT _ 12 have punct 11 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 have nsubj 12 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 means ccomp 13 some some DET PronType=Ind 14 sweets det 14 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 12 have obj 15 » » PUNCT _ 12 have punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 9 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present j'ai des bonbons French vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 have in a quote present I some sweets vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Patient
Example 2 «Le jardin des plantes» means «the garden of the plants».
The tree, 10 words punct compound flat:foreign flat:foreign nsubj punct punct det obj case det nmod punct punct root « PUNCT Le X jardin X des X plantes NOUN » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT the DET garden NOUN of ADP the DET plants NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Le punct 2 Le Le X Foreign=Yes 5 plantes compound 3 jardin jardin X Foreign=Yes 2 Le flat:foreign 4 des des X _ 2 Le flat:foreign 5 plantes plante NOUN Number=Plur 7 means nsubj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 plantes punct 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 « « PUNCT _ 10 garden punct 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 garden det 10 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 7 means obj 11 of of ADP _ 13 plants case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 plants det 13 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 10 garden nmod 14 » » PUNCT _ 10 garden punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Le plantes the garden of the plants vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent garden=Topic
Example 3 «Des» sounds like «day» in French.
punct nsubj punct case punct obl punct case obl punct root « PUNCT Des PROPN » PUNCT sounds VERB like ADP « PUNCT day NOUN » PUNCT in ADP French PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Des punct 2 Des Des PROPN Number=Sing 4 sounds nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Des punct 4 sounds sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 like like ADP _ 7 day case 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 day punct 7 day day NOUN Number=Sing 4 sounds obl 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 day punct 9 in in ADP _ 10 French case 10 French French PROPN Number=Sing 4 sounds obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 sounds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sound present Des French day vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in french=Location
Example 4 My uncle Des runs the corner shop.
nmod:poss nsubj appos det compound obj punct root My PRON uncle NOUN Des PROPN runs VERB the DET corner NOUN shop NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 uncle nmod:poss 2 uncle uncle NOUN Number=Sing 4 runs nsubj 3 Des Des PROPN Number=Sing 2 uncle appos 4 runs run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 shop det 6 corner corner NOUN Number=Sing 7 shop compound 7 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 4 runs obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 runs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run present My uncle the corner shop vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme shop=Trajectory
Example 5 In French, «un chat» is «a cat», and «des chats» is «some cats».
The tree, 13 words case obl punct punct compound nsubj punct cop punct det punct punct cc punct compound nsubj punct cop punct det parataxis punct punct root In ADP French PROPN , PUNCT « PUNCT un NOUN chat NOUN » PUNCT is AUX « PUNCT a DET cat NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT des NOUN chats NOUN » PUNCT is AUX « PUNCT some DET cats NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 French case 2 French French PROPN Number=Sing 11 cat obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 French punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 6 chat punct 5 un un NOUN Number=Sing 6 chat compound 6 chat chat NOUN Number=Sing 11 cat nsubj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 chat punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 cat cop 9 « « PUNCT _ 11 cat punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 cat det 11 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 » » PUNCT _ 11 cat punct 13 , , PUNCT _ 22 cats punct 14 and and CCONJ _ 22 cats cc 15 « « PUNCT _ 17 chats punct 16 des des NOUN Number=Sing 17 chats compound 17 chats chat NOUN Number=Plur 22 cats nsubj 18 » » PUNCT _ 17 chats punct 19 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 cats cop 20 « « PUNCT _ 22 cats punct 21 some some DET PronType=Ind 22 cats det 22 cats cat NOUN Number=Plur 11 cat parataxis 23 » » PUNCT _ 22 cats punct 24 . . PUNCT _ 11 cat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a in a quote present un chat a cat French tree rules 2 is a in a quote present des chats some cats tree rules
Example 6 Mum joked that the new house was a real «des res».
nsubj mark det amod nsubj cop det amod punct compound obj punct punct root Mum NOUN joked VERB that SCONJ the DET new ADJ house NOUN was AUX a DET real ADJ « PUNCT des NOUN res NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 joked nsubj 2 joked joke VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 12 res mark 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 house det 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 6 house amod 6 house house NOUN Number=Sing 12 res nsubj 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 res cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 res det 9 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 12 res amod 10 « « PUNCT _ 12 res punct 11 des des NOUN Number=Sing 12 res compound 12 res re NOUN Number=Plur 2 joked obj 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 res punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 joked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 joke speech: other past Mum vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a in a quote past the new house a real des res tree rules
Example 7 Hit's des like I tell you.
nmod:poss case nsubj case nmod iobj punct root Hit NOUN 's PART des NOUN like ADP I PRON tell VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hit hit NOUN Number=Sing 3 des nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Hit case 3 des des NOUN Number=Sing 6 tell nsubj 4 like like ADP _ 5 I case 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 des nmod 6 tell tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 tell iobj 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 tell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert present Hit's des like I you vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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