dictation

Who acts: Dictation, someone, We, prince, vizier, you · What happens: say, write down, be, read, write, have · To what, where: words, passage, spelling dictation, letter, dictation, word · Speech: someone speaks here

«dictation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: dictation in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Dictation is saying words aloud so that someone else can write them down exactly.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dictation	dictation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 saying	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 saying	aux
3	saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 saying	obj
5	aloud	aloud	ADV	_	3 saying	advmod
6	so	so	SCONJ	_	11 write	mark
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 write	mark
8	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	11 write	nsubj
9	else	else	ADV	_	8 someone	advmod
10	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 write	aux
11	write	write	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 saying	advcl
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 write	obj
13	down	down	ADP	_	11 write	compound:prt
14	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	11 write	advmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 saying	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · progressive	Dictation	words				aloud property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic
2	write down	can	someone	words = word				exactly property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A dictation can be the passage that is read aloud for pupils to write.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 dictation	det
2	dictation	dictation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 passage	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 passage	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 passage	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 passage	det
6	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 read	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 read	aux:pass
9	read	read	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 passage	acl:relcl
10	aloud	aloud	ADV	_	9 read	advmod
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 pupils	case
12	pupils	pupil	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 read	obl
13	to	to	PART	_	14 write	mark
14	write	write	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 read	advcl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 passage	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	can	a dictation	the passage		tree rules
2	read	present · passive		the passage	for pupils; aloud property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
3	write	to-infinitive				vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 1

We had a spelling dictation today.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 dictation	det
4	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dictation	compound
5	dictation	dictation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obj
6	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obl:unmarked
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	We	a spelling dictation			today		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dictation=Patient

Example 2

The prince wrote the letter at the vizier's dictation.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 prince	det
2	prince	prince	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wrote	nsubj
3	wrote	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 letter	det
5	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wrote	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	10 dictation	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 vizier	det
8	vizier	vizier	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 dictation	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 vizier	case
10	dictation	dictation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wrote	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 wrote	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	past	the prince	the letter		the vizier's dictation			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme
2	dictate		the vizier						nom dictation «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

Example 3

Write down every word of the teacher's dictation.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Write	write	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	down	down	ADP	_	1 Write	compound:prt
3	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	4 word	det
4	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Write	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	9 dictation	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 teacher	det
7	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 dictation	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 teacher	case
9	dictation	dictation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 word	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Write	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	write down	imperative	you not said here	every word of the teacher's dictation	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme
2	word			the teacher's dictation	nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient
3	dictate		the teacher		nom dictation «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/dictation/