direction Who acts: direction, something, Directions, instructions, film director, Two cars · What happens: be, go, leave, tell, get, do · To what, where: way, faces, instructions, you, something, people · Speech: someone speaks here
«direction» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: direction in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A direction is the way something goes, faces or points, like north, left, up or forwards.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl punct obl cc conj punct mark advmod punct advcl punct advmod cc conj punct root A DET direction NOUN is AUX the DET way NOUN something PRON goes VERB , PUNCT faces NOUN or CCONJ points NOUN , PUNCT like SCONJ north ADV , PUNCT left VERB , PUNCT up ADV or CCONJ forwards ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 direction det 2 direction direction NOUN Number=Sing 5 way nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 way cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 way det 5 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 goes nsubj 7 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 way acl:relcl 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 faces punct 9 faces face NOUN Number=Plur 7 goes obl 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 points cc 11 points point NOUN Number=Plur 9 faces conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 left punct 13 like like SCONJ _ 16 left mark 14 north north ADV _ 16 left advmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 14 north punct 16 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 goes advcl 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 up punct 18 up up ADV _ 16 left advmod 19 or or CCONJ _ 20 forwards cc 20 forwards forwards ADV _ 18 up conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a direction the way tree rules 2 go present something faces or points vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme 3 leave participle something not said here north property vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Directions are instructions that tell you how to get somewhere, or how to do something.
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl iobj advmod mark ccomp advmod punct cc advmod mark conj obj punct root Directions NOUN are AUX instructions NOUN that PRON tell VERB you PRON how ADV to PART get VERB somewhere ADV , PUNCT or CCONJ how ADV to PART do VERB something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Directions direction NOUN Number=Plur 3 instructions nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 instructions cop 3 instructions instruction NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 tell nsubj 5 tell tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 instructions acl:relcl 6 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 tell iobj 7 how how ADV PronType=Int 9 get advmod 8 to to PART _ 9 get mark 9 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 tell ccomp 10 somewhere somewhere ADV PronType=Ind 9 get advmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 do punct 12 or or CCONJ _ 15 do cc 13 how how ADV PronType=Int 15 do advmod 14 to to PART _ 15 do mark 15 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 get conj 16 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 15 do obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 instructions punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Directions instructions tree rules 2 tell speech: assert present instructions you vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic 3 get not said to happen to-infinitive somewhere property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 4 do to-infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
Meaning 3 Direction is also leading or guiding people, like a film director does.
nsubj aux advmod cc conj obj punct mark det compound nsubj conj punct root Direction NOUN is AUX also ADV leading VERB or CCONJ guiding VERB people NOUN , PUNCT like SCONJ a DET film NOUN director NOUN does VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Direction direction NOUN Number=Sing 4 leading nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 leading aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 leading advmod 4 leading lead VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 guiding cc 6 guiding guide VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 leading conj 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 6 guiding obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 13 does punct 9 like like SCONJ _ 13 does mark 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 director det 11 film film NOUN Number=Sing 12 director compound 12 director director NOUN Number=Sing 13 does nsubj 13 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 leading conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 leading punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lead present · progressive Direction vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition 2 guide gerund Direction not said here people vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme 3 do present a film director vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Two cars go in opposite directions.
nummod nsubj case amod obl punct root Two NUM cars NOUN go VERB in ADP opposite ADJ directions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 cars nummod 2 cars car NOUN Number=Plur 3 go nsubj 3 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 directions case 5 opposite opposite ADJ Degree=Pos 6 directions amod 6 directions direction NOUN Number=Plur 3 go obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present Two cars opposite directions vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in direction=Location
Example 2 They walk in the same direction.
nsubj case det amod obl punct root They PRON walk VERB in ADP the DET same ADJ direction NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 walk nsubj 2 walk walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 6 direction case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 direction det 5 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 6 direction amod 6 direction direction NOUN Number=Sing 2 walk obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 walk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk present They the same direction vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in direction=Trajectory
Example 3 Which direction is north?
det nsubj cop punct root Which DET direction NOUN is AUX north ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Which which DET PronType=Int 2 direction det 2 direction direction NOUN Number=Sing 4 north nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 north cop 4 north north ADV _ root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 north punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present which direction north property tree rules
Example 4 Follow the directions on the map.
det obj case det nmod punct root Follow VERB the DET directions NOUN on ADP the DET map NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Follow follow VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 directions det 3 directions direction NOUN Number=Plur 1 Follow obj 4 on on ADP _ 6 map case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 map det 6 map map NOUN Number=Sing 3 directions nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Follow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 follow imperative you not said here the directions the map vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent direction=Theme on map=Trajectory
Example 5 Can you give me directions to the station?
aux nsubj iobj obj case det obl punct root Can AUX you PRON give VERB me PRON directions NOUN to ADP the DET station NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 give aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 give nsubj 3 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 give iobj 5 directions direction NOUN Number=Plur 3 give obj 6 to to ADP _ 8 station case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 station det 8 station station NOUN Number=Sing 3 give obl 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give can you directions me to the station vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient direction=Theme
Example 6 Read the directions before you start the test.
det obj mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root Read VERB the DET directions NOUN before SCONJ you PRON start VERB the DET test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Read read VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 directions det 3 directions direction NOUN Number=Plur 1 Read obj 4 before before SCONJ _ 6 start mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 start nsubj 6 start start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Read advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 test det 8 test test NOUN Number=Sing 6 start obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read imperative you not said here the directions vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Topic 2 start present you the test vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent test=Eventuality
Example 7 The wind changed direction.
det nsubj obj punct root The DET wind NOUN changed VERB direction NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 wind det 2 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 3 changed nsubj 3 changed change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 direction direction NOUN Number=Sing 3 changed obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 changed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 change past the wind direction vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Patient
Example 8 She has a good sense of direction and never gets lost.
nsubj det amod obj case nmod cc advmod conj xcomp punct root She PRON has VERB a DET good ADJ sense NOUN of ADP direction NOUN and CCONJ never ADV gets VERB lost VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 sense det 4 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 5 sense amod 5 sense sense NOUN Number=Sing 2 has obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 direction case 7 direction direction NOUN Number=Sing 5 sense nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 gets cc 9 never never ADV PronType=Neg 10 gets advmod 10 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 has conj 11 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 gets xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present She a good sense of direction vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sense=Patient 2 not get present She not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 3 lose participle She not said here vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 sense direction nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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