disbelieve Who acts: someone, villagers, boy, Thomas, I, teacher · What happens: not believe, be, refuse, not have, disbelieve, cry · To what, where: faith, something, boy, wolf, news, Jesus · Speech: someone speaks here
«disbelieve» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: disbelieve in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To not believe that someone or something is true; to refuse to believe.
The tree, 13 words mark advmod mark nsubj cc conj cop ccomp punct mark parataxis mark xcomp punct root To PART not PART believe VERB that SCONJ someone PRON or CCONJ something PRON is AUX true ADJ ; PUNCT to PART refuse VERB to PART believe VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 believe mark 2 not not PART Polarity=Neg 3 believe advmod 3 believe believe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 9 true mark 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 true nsubj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 something cc 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 someone conj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 true cop 9 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 3 believe ccomp 10 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 refuse punct 11 to to PART _ 12 refuse mark 12 refuse refuse VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 believe parataxis 13 to to PART _ 14 believe mark 14 believe believe VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 refuse xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 believe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not believe to-infinitive vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer 2 is present someone true property tree rules 3 refuse to-infinitive vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 4 not believe to-infinitive vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To not have faith in something, especially in God (formal, older use).
The tree, 12 words mark advmod obj case obl punct advmod case appos punct amod punct amod obl punct punct root To PART not PART have VERB faith NOUN in ADP something PRON , PUNCT especially ADV in ADP God PROPN ( PUNCT formal ADJ , PUNCT older ADJ use NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 have mark 2 not not PART Polarity=Neg 3 have advmod 3 have have VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 faith faith NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obj 5 in in ADP _ 6 something case 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 have obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 God punct 8 especially especially ADV _ 10 God advmod 9 in in ADP _ 10 God case 10 God God PROPN Number=Sing 6 something appos 11 ( ( PUNCT _ 12 formal punct 12 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 10 God amod 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 use punct 14 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 15 use amod 15 use use NOUN Number=Sing 12 formal obl 16 ) ) PUNCT _ 12 formal punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not have to-infinitive faith something vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent faith=Patient
Example 1 The villagers disbelieved the boy who cried wolf.
det nsubj det obj nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root The DET villagers NOUN disbelieved VERB the DET boy NOUN who PRON cried VERB wolf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 villagers det 2 villagers villager NOUN Number=Plur 3 disbelieved nsubj 3 disbelieved disbelieve VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 boy det 5 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 3 disbelieved obj 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 cried nsubj 7 cried cry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 boy acl:relcl 8 wolf wolf NOUN Number=Sing 7 cried obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 disbelieved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 disbelieve past the villagers the boy tree rules 2 cry speech: express past the boy wolf vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wolf=Topic
Example 2 Thomas disbelieved the news until he saw Jesus himself.
nsubj det obj mark nsubj advcl obj nmod punct root Thomas PROPN disbelieved VERB the DET news NOUN until SCONJ he PRON saw VERB Jesus PROPN himself PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thomas Thomas PROPN Number=Sing 2 disbelieved nsubj 2 disbelieved disbelieve VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 news det 4 news news NOUN Number=Sing 2 disbelieved obj 5 until until SCONJ _ 7 saw mark 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 saw nsubj 7 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 disbelieved advcl 8 Jesus Jesus PROPN Number=Sing 7 saw obj 9 himself himself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 8 Jesus nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 disbelieved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 disbelieve past Thomas the news tree rules 2 see past Thomas Jesus Thomas vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer jesus=Stimulus
Example 3 I have no reason to disbelieve you.
nsubj det obj mark acl obj punct root I PRON have VERB no DET reason NOUN to PART disbelieve VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 no no DET PronType=Neg 4 reason det 4 reason reason NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 5 to to PART _ 6 disbelieve mark 6 disbelieve disbelieve VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 reason acl 7 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 disbelieve obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present I no reason vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient 2 disbelieve to-infinitive I not said here you tree rules
Example 4 The teacher disbelieved my excuse about the dog eating my homework.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj case det nmod acl nmod:poss obj punct root The DET teacher NOUN disbelieved VERB my PRON excuse NOUN about ADP the DET dog NOUN eating VERB my PRON homework NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 disbelieved nsubj 3 disbelieved disbelieve VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 excuse nmod:poss 5 excuse excuse NOUN Number=Sing 3 disbelieved obj 6 about about ADP _ 8 dog case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 dog det 8 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 5 excuse nmod 9 eating eat VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 dog acl 10 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 homework nmod:poss 11 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 9 eating obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 disbelieved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 disbelieve past the teacher my excuse about the dog tree rules 2 eat gerund the dog not said here my homework vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent homework=Patient 3 excuse my about the dog nom excuse «communication transitive»: poss=agent about=obl
Example 5 Many people disbelieved the explorer's tales.
amod nsubj det nmod:poss case obj punct root Many ADJ people NOUN disbelieved VERB the DET explorer NOUN 's PART tales NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 people amod 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 disbelieved nsubj 3 disbelieved disbelieve VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 explorer det 5 explorer explorer NOUN Number=Sing 7 tales nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 explorer case 7 tales tale NOUN Number=Plur 3 disbelieved obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 disbelieved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 disbelieve past Many people the explorer's tales tree rules 2 tell the explorer nom tale «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 She was disbelieved at first, but the evidence proved her right.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct cc det nsubj conj obj xcomp punct root She PRON was AUX disbelieved VERB at ADP first ADV , PUNCT but CCONJ the DET evidence NOUN proved VERB her PRON right ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 disbelieved nsubj:pass 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 disbelieved aux:pass 3 disbelieved disbelieve VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 at at ADP _ 5 first case 5 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 3 disbelieved obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 proved punct 7 but but CCONJ _ 10 proved cc 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 evidence det 9 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 10 proved nsubj 10 proved prove VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 disbelieved conj 11 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 proved obj 12 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 10 proved xcomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 disbelieved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 disbelieve past · passive She tree rules 2 prove past the evidence her = she right property vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme
Example 7 “Then do you disbelieve what I say, and think that I am telling you a falsehood?”
The tree, 16 words punct advmod aux nsubj obj nsubj acl:relcl punct cc conj mark nsubj aux advcl iobj det obj punct punct root “ PUNCT Then ADV do AUX you PRON disbelieve VERB what PRON I PRON say VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ think VERB that SCONJ I PRON am AUX telling VERB you PRON a DET falsehood NOUN ? PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 5 disbelieve punct 2 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 5 disbelieve advmod 3 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 disbelieve aux 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 disbelieve nsubj 5 disbelieve disbelieve VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 what what PRON PronType=Int 5 disbelieve obj 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 say nsubj 8 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 what acl:relcl 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 think punct 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 think cc 11 think think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 disbelieve conj 12 that that SCONJ _ 15 telling mark 13 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 15 telling nsubj 14 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 telling aux 15 telling tell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 think advcl 16 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 telling iobj 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 falsehood det 18 falsehood falsehood NOUN Number=Sing 15 telling obj 19 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 disbelieve punct 20 ” " PUNCT _ 5 disbelieve punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 disbelieve in a quote present · do-support you then tree rules 2 say speech: assert in a quote present I vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 think speech: other in a quote present you not said here vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 tell speech: assert in a quote present · progressive I a falsehood you vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient falsehood=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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