discourse Who acts: people, He, professor, Polite discourse, Grandad, discourse · What happens: talk, write, speak, discourse, connect, give · To what, where: way, writing, length, stars, long discourse, volcanoes · Speech: someone speaks here
«discourse» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: discourse in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
Serious talk or discussion between people; the way people talk and write about a subject: «public discourse».
The tree, 17 words amod cc conj case nmod punct det appos nsubj acl:relcl cc conj case det obl punct punct amod appos punct punct root Serious ADJ talk NOUN or CCONJ discussion NOUN between ADP people NOUN ; PUNCT the DET way NOUN people NOUN talk VERB and CCONJ write VERB about ADP a DET subject NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT public ADJ discourse NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 2 talk amod 2 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 discussion cc 4 discussion discussion NOUN Number=Sing 2 talk conj 5 between between ADP _ 6 people case 6 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 discussion nmod 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 way punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 way det 9 way way NOUN Number=Sing 2 talk appos 10 people people NOUN Number=Plur 11 talk nsubj 11 talk talk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 way acl:relcl 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 write cc 13 write write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 talk conj 14 about about ADP _ 16 subject case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 subject det 16 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing 13 write obl 17 : : PUNCT _ 20 discourse punct 18 « « PUNCT _ 20 discourse punct 19 public public ADJ Degree=Pos 20 discourse amod 20 discourse discourse NOUN Number=Sing 2 talk appos 21 » » PUNCT _ 20 discourse punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 2 talk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 talk present people the way not said here vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent way=Patient 2 write present people not said here about a subject vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about subject=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
A long, serious speech or piece of writing on a subject, such as a sermon.
The tree, 15 words det amod punct amod cc conj case nmod case det nmod punct case fixed det conj punct root A DET long ADJ , PUNCT serious ADJ speech NOUN or CCONJ piece NOUN of ADP writing NOUN on ADP a DET subject NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET sermon NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 speech det 2 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 5 speech amod 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 long punct 4 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 5 speech amod 5 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 piece cc 7 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing 5 speech conj 8 of of ADP _ 9 writing case 9 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 5 speech nmod 10 on on ADP _ 12 subject case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 subject det 12 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing 9 writing nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 sermon punct 14 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 17 sermon case 15 as as ADP _ 14 such fixed 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 sermon det 17 sermon sermon NOUN Number=Sing 9 writing conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 speech punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak writing on a subject and a sermon nom speech «communication transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 3 Usage: verb, formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To talk or write at length about something: «He discoursed on the stars».
The tree, 13 words mark cc conj case obl case nmod punct punct nsubj acl:relcl case det obl punct punct root To PART talk VERB or CCONJ write VERB at ADP length NOUN about ADP something PRON : PUNCT « PUNCT He PRON discoursed VERB on ADP the DET stars NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 talk mark 2 talk talk VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 write cc 4 write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 talk conj 5 at at ADP _ 6 length case 6 length length NOUN Number=Sing 4 write obl 7 about about ADP _ 8 something case 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 length nmod 9 : : PUNCT _ 12 discoursed punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 12 discoursed punct 11 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 discoursed nsubj 12 discoursed discourse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 something acl:relcl 13 on on ADP _ 15 stars case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 stars det 15 stars star NOUN Number=Plur 12 discoursed obl 16 » » PUNCT _ 12 discoursed punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 talk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 talk to-infinitive vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 write infinitive length about something vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 discourse in a quote past He the stars tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: language study — kept apart, not parsed.
Any stretch of language longer than a sentence: conversation or connected text.
det nsubj case nmod case det obl punct appos cc amod conj punct root Any DET stretch NOUN of ADP language NOUN longer ADJ than ADP a DET sentence NOUN : PUNCT conversation NOUN or CCONJ connected VERB text NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Any any DET PronType=Ind 2 stretch det 2 stretch stretch NOUN Number=Sing 5 longer nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 language case 4 language language NOUN Number=Sing 2 stretch nmod 5 longer long ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 than than ADP _ 8 sentence case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 sentence det 8 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 5 longer obl 9 : : PUNCT _ 10 conversation punct 10 conversation conversation NOUN Number=Sing 8 sentence appos 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 text cc 12 connected connect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 text amod 13 text text NOUN Number=Sing 10 conversation conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 longer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 connect participle vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 1 The professor gave a long discourse on volcanoes.
det nsubj det amod obj case obl punct root The DET professor NOUN gave VERB a DET long ADJ discourse NOUN on ADP volcanoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 professor det 2 professor professor NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 discourse det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 discourse amod 6 discourse discourse NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obj 7 on on ADP _ 8 volcanoes case 8 volcanoes volcano NOUN Number=Plur 3 gave obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the professor a long discourse volcanoes vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.asset»: agent=Agent discourse=Theme on volcano=Asset
Example 2 Polite discourse means listening as well as talking.
amod nsubj xcomp cc fixed fixed conj punct root Polite ADJ discourse NOUN means VERB listening VERB as ADV well ADV as ADP talking VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Polite polite ADJ Degree=Pos 2 discourse amod 2 discourse discourse NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 listening listen VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 means xcomp 5 as as ADV ExtPos=CCONJ 8 talking cc 6 well well ADV Degree=Pos 5 as fixed 7 as as ADP _ 5 as fixed 8 talking talk VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 listening conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Polite discourse vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 listen not said to happen gerund Polite discourse not said here vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 3 talk gerund Polite discourse not said here vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Grandad discoursed on the old days for an hour.
nsubj case det amod obl case det obl punct root Grandad PROPN discoursed VERB on ADP the DET old ADJ days NOUN for ADP an DET hour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandad Grandad PROPN Number=Sing 2 discoursed nsubj 2 discoursed discourse VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 6 days case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 days det 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 days amod 6 days day NOUN Number=Plur 2 discoursed obl 7 for for ADP _ 9 hour case 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 hour det 9 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 2 discoursed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 discoursed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 discourse past Grandad day; hour tree rules
Example 4 In the Gospel, Jesus' discourse at the Last Supper is long and tender.
The tree, 14 words case det obl punct nmod:poss case nsubj case det flat nmod cop cc conj punct root In ADP the DET Gospel PROPN , PUNCT Jesus PROPN ' PART discourse NOUN at ADP the DET Last PROPN Supper PROPN is AUX long ADJ and CCONJ tender ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 Gospel case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Gospel det 3 Gospel Gospel PROPN Number=Sing 13 long obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 Gospel punct 5 Jesus Jesus PROPN Number=Sing 7 discourse nmod:poss 6 ' 's PART _ 5 Jesus case 7 discourse discourse NOUN Number=Sing 13 long nsubj 8 at at ADP _ 11 Supper case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 Supper det 10 Last Last PROPN Number=Sing 11 Supper flat 11 Supper Supper PROPN Number=Sing 7 discourse nmod 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 long cop 13 long long ADJ Degree=Pos root root 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 tender cc 15 tender tender ADJ Degree=Pos 13 long conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 13 long punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Jesus's discourse at the Last Supper the Gospel long property tree rules 2 be Jesus's discourse at the Last Supper not said here tree rules 3 discourse Jesus the Last Supper nom discourse «communication transitive»: poss=agent at=place
Example 5 Bad language has no place in classroom discourse.
amod nsubj det obj case compound nmod punct root Bad ADJ language NOUN has VERB no DET place NOUN in ADP classroom NOUN discourse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 2 language amod 2 language language NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 no no DET PronType=Neg 5 place det 5 place place NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 discourse case 7 classroom classroom NOUN Number=Sing 8 discourse compound 8 discourse discourse NOUN Number=Sing 5 place nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Bad language no place classroom discourse vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Patient
Example 6 The book is a discourse on kindness.
det nsubj cop det case nmod punct root The DET book NOUN is AUX a DET discourse NOUN on ADP kindness NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 book det 2 book book NOUN Number=Sing 5 discourse nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 discourse cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 discourse det 5 discourse discourse NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 on on ADP _ 7 kindness case 7 kindness kindness NOUN Number=Sing 5 discourse nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 discourse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the book a discourse kindness tree rules
Example 7 "Oh no," replied the counsellor; "I can only discourse on topics which every one should understand."
The tree, 16 words punct discourse discourse punct punct det obj punct punct nsubj aux advmod obl case nmod obj det nsubj aux acl:relcl punct punct root " PUNCT Oh INTJ no INTJ , PUNCT " PUNCT replied VERB the DET counsellor NOUN ; PUNCT " PUNCT I PRON can AUX only ADV discourse NOUN on ADP topics NOUN which PRON every DET one NOUN should AUX understand VERB . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 6 replied punct 2 Oh oh INTJ _ 6 replied discourse 3 no no INTJ Polarity=Neg 2 Oh discourse 4 , , PUNCT _ 2 Oh punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 2 Oh punct 6 replied reply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 counsellor det 8 counsellor counsellor NOUN Number=Sing 6 replied obj 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 14 discourse punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 14 discourse punct 11 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 14 discourse nsubj 12 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 discourse aux 13 only only ADV _ 14 discourse advmod 14 discourse discourse NOUN Number=Sing 6 replied obl 15 on on ADP _ 16 topics case 16 topics topic NOUN Number=Plur 14 discourse nmod 17 which which PRON PronType=Rel 21 understand obj 18 every every DET PronType=Tot 19 one det 19 one one NOUN Number=Sing 21 understand nsubj 20 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 21 understand aux 21 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 topics acl:relcl 22 . . PUNCT _ 6 replied punct 23 " " PUNCT _ 6 replied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reply speech: assert past the counsellor vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 discourse in a quote can the counsellor = counsellor topics tree rules 3 understand in a quote should every one topics vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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