disprove Who acts: idea, rule, experiment, heavy things, One example, number · What happens: show, be, give, not work, find, disprove · To what, where: facts, one counterexample, idea, rule, maths, claim · Speech: someone speaks here
«disprove» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: disprove in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To show that an idea or statement is false by giving facts or evidence.
The tree, 14 words mark mark det nsubj cc conj cop ccomp mark advcl obj cc conj punct root To PART show VERB that SCONJ an DET idea NOUN or CCONJ statement NOUN is AUX false ADJ by SCONJ giving VERB facts NOUN or CCONJ evidence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 show mark 2 show show VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 9 false mark 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 idea det 5 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 9 false nsubj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 statement cc 7 statement statement NOUN Number=Sing 5 idea conj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 false cop 9 false false ADJ Degree=Pos 2 show ccomp 10 by by SCONJ _ 11 giving mark 11 giving give VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 false advcl 12 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 11 giving obj 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 evidence cc 14 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 12 facts conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 show punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show to-infinitive vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present a idea or statement false property tree rules 3 give gerund a idea or statement not said here facts or evidence vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: maths and science — kept apart, not parsed.
To show a rule does not always work, often by finding one counterexample.
The tree, 13 words mark advcl det nsubj aux advmod advmod punct advmod mark advcl nummod obj punct root To PART show VERB a DET rule NOUN does AUX not PART always ADV work VERB , PUNCT often ADV by SCONJ finding VERB one NUM counterexample NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 show mark 2 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 work advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 rule det 4 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 8 work nsubj 5 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 work aux 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 work advmod 7 always always ADV PronType=Tot 8 work advmod 8 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 finding punct 10 often often ADV _ 12 finding advmod 11 by by SCONJ _ 12 finding mark 12 finding find VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 work advcl 13 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 14 counterexample nummod 14 counterexample counterexample NOUN Number=Sing 12 finding obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show to-infinitive a rule not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 not work present · do-support a rule always property vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 find gerund a rule not said here one counterexample often property vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent counterexample=Topic
Example 1 The experiment disproved the idea that heavy things fall faster.
det nsubj det obj mark amod nsubj acl xcomp punct root The DET experiment NOUN disproved VERB the DET idea NOUN that SCONJ heavy ADJ things NOUN fall VERB faster ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 experiment det 2 experiment experiment NOUN Number=Sing 3 disproved nsubj 3 disproved disprove VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 idea det 5 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 3 disproved obj 6 that that SCONJ _ 9 fall mark 7 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 8 things amod 8 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 9 fall nsubj 9 fall fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 idea acl 10 faster fast ADJ Degree=Cmp 9 fall xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 disproved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 disprove past the experiment the idea vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Theme 2 fall present heavy things the idea not said here fast property vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient idea=Result
Example 2 One example can disprove a rule in maths.
nummod nsubj aux det obj case nmod punct root One NUM example NOUN can AUX disprove VERB a DET rule NOUN in ADP maths NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 example nummod 2 example example NOUN Number=Sing 4 disprove nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 disprove aux 4 disprove disprove VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 rule det 6 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 4 disprove obj 7 in in ADP _ 8 maths case 8 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 6 rule nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 disprove punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 disprove can One example a rule maths vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Theme
Example 3 The number 9 disproves the claim that all odd numbers are prime.
det nsubj flat det obj mark det amod nsubj cop acl punct root The DET number NOUN 9 NUM disproves VERB the DET claim NOUN that SCONJ all DET odd ADJ numbers NOUN are AUX prime ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 number det 2 number number NOUN Number=Sing 4 disproves nsubj 3 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 number flat 4 disproves disprove VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 claim det 6 claim claim NOUN Number=Sing 4 disproves obj 7 that that SCONJ _ 12 prime mark 8 all all DET PronType=Tot 10 numbers det 9 odd odd ADJ Degree=Pos 10 numbers amod 10 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 12 prime nsubj 11 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 prime cop 12 prime prime ADJ Degree=Pos 6 claim acl 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 disproves punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 disprove present the number the claim vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claim=Theme 2 is present all odd numbers the claim not said here prime property tree rules
Example 4 No one could disprove his story.
det nsubj aux nmod:poss obj punct root No DET one NOUN could AUX disprove VERB his PRON story NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 No no DET PronType=Neg 2 one det 2 one one NOUN Number=Sing 4 disprove nsubj 3 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 disprove aux 4 disprove disprove VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 story nmod:poss 6 story story NOUN Number=Sing 4 disprove obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 disprove punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 disprove could no one his story vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Theme
Example 5 Galileo helped disprove old ideas about the sky.
nsubj xcomp amod obj case det nmod punct root Galileo PROPN helped VERB disprove VERB old ADJ ideas NOUN about ADP the DET sky NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Galileo Galileo PROPN Number=Sing 2 helped nsubj 2 helped help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 disprove disprove VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 helped xcomp 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 ideas amod 5 ideas idea NOUN Number=Plur 3 disprove obj 6 about about ADP _ 8 sky case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 sky det 8 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 5 ideas nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 helped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help past Galileo vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 disprove infinitive Galileo not said here old ideas about the sky vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Theme
Example 6 The detective used the CCTV to disprove the alibi.
det nsubj det obj mark advcl det obj punct root The DET detective NOUN used VERB the DET CCTV PROPN to PART disprove VERB the DET alibi NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 detective det 2 detective detective NOUN Number=Sing 3 used nsubj 3 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 CCTV det 5 CCTV CCTV PROPN Number=Sing 3 used obj 6 to to PART _ 7 disprove mark 7 disprove disprove VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 used advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 alibi det 9 alibi alibi NOUN Number=Sing 7 disprove obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past the detective the CCTV vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cctv=Patient 2 disprove to-infinitive the detective not said here the alibi vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alibi=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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