draughts Who acts: Draughts, two players, board game, cold currents, Grandpa, I · What happens: be, move, jump, take, call, come · To what, where: board game, flat pieces, other pieces, Draughts, USA, cold currents · Speech: someone speaks here
«draughts» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: draughts in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Draughts is a board game for two players who move round flat pieces diagonally and jump over each other's pieces to take them; in the USA it is called checkers.
The tree, 31 words nsubj cop det compound case nummod nmod nsubj acl:relcl advmod amod obj advmod cc conj case det amod case obl mark advcl obj punct case det obl nsubj:pass aux:pass acl xcomp punct root Draughts NOUN is AUX a DET board NOUN game NOUN for ADP two NUM players NOUN who PRON move VERB round ADV flat ADJ pieces NOUN diagonally ADV and CCONJ jump VERB over ADP each DET other ADJ 's PART pieces NOUN to PART take VERB them PRON ; PUNCT in ADP the DET USA PROPN it PRON is AUX called VERB checkers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Draughts draught NOUN Number=Plur 5 game nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 game cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 game det 4 board board NOUN Number=Sing 5 game compound 5 game game NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 for for ADP _ 8 players case 7 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 players nummod 8 players player NOUN Number=Plur 5 game nmod 9 who who PRON PronType=Rel 10 move nsubj 10 move move VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 players acl:relcl 11 round round ADV _ 12 flat advmod 12 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 13 pieces amod 13 pieces piece NOUN Number=Plur 10 move obj 14 diagonally diagonally ADV _ 10 move advmod 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 jump cc 16 jump jump VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 move conj 17 over over ADP _ 21 pieces case 18 each each DET PronType=Tot 21 pieces det 19 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 21 pieces amod 20 's 's PART _ 19 other case 21 pieces piece NOUN Number=Plur 16 jump obl 22 to to PART _ 23 take mark 23 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 jump advcl 24 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 take obj 25 ; ; PUNCT _ 31 called punct 26 in in ADP _ 28 USA case 27 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 USA det 28 USA USA PROPN Number=Sing 31 called obl 29 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 31 called nsubj:pass 30 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 31 called aux:pass 31 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 game acl 32 checkers checker NOUN Number=Plur 31 called xcomp 33 . . PUNCT _ 5 game punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Draughts a board game for two players tree rules 2 move present two players flat pieces diagonally property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent piece=Theme 3 jump present two players not said here each other pieces vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over piece=Trajectory 4 take to-infinitive two players not said here Draughts = draught vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme 5 call present · passive a board game not said here USA the USA vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Draughts are cold currents of air that come into a room through gaps.
nsubj cop amod case nmod nsubj acl:relcl case det obl case obl punct root Draughts NOUN are AUX cold ADJ currents NOUN of ADP air NOUN that PRON come VERB into ADP a DET room NOUN through ADP gaps NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Draughts draught NOUN Number=Plur 4 currents nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 currents cop 3 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 4 currents amod 4 currents current NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 air case 6 air air NOUN Number=Sing 4 currents nmod 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 come nsubj 8 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 currents acl:relcl 9 into into ADP _ 11 room case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 room det 11 room room NOUN Number=Sing 8 come obl 12 through through ADP _ 13 gaps case 13 gaps gap NOUN Number=Plur 8 come obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 currents punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Draughts cold currents of air tree rules 2 come present cold currents a room through gaps vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme into room=Initial_Location through gap=Destination
Meaning 3 Draughts can also be long swallows of a drink.
nsubj aux advmod cop amod case det nmod punct root Draughts NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX long ADJ swallows NOUN of ADP a DET drink NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Draughts draught NOUN Number=Plur 6 swallows nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 swallows aux 3 also also ADV _ 6 swallows advmod 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 swallows cop 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 swallows amod 6 swallows swallow NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 drink case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 drink det 9 drink drink NOUN Number=Sing 6 swallows nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 swallows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can Draughts long swallows of a drink tree rules
Example 1 Grandpa taught me to play draughts.
nsubj iobj mark xcomp obj punct root Grandpa PROPN taught VERB me PRON to PART play VERB draughts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 2 taught nsubj 2 taught teach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 taught iobj 4 to to PART _ 5 play mark 5 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 taught xcomp 6 draughts draught NOUN Number=Plur 5 play obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 taught punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 teach speech: other past Grandpa me vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic 2 play to-infinitive Grandpa not said here draughts vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent draught=Theme
Example 2 Draughts is played on a board of sixty-four squares.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl case compound punct nummod nmod punct root Draughts NOUN is AUX played VERB on ADP a DET board NOUN of ADP sixty NUM - PUNCT four NUM squares NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Draughts draught NOUN Number=Plur 3 played nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 played aux:pass 3 played play VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 board case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 board det 6 board board NOUN Number=Sing 3 played obl 7 of of ADP _ 11 squares case 8 sixty sixty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 four compound 9 - - PUNCT _ 8 sixty punct 10 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 squares nummod 11 squares square NOUN Number=Plur 6 board nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 played punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play present · passive Draughts a board of four squares vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 3 I jumped two of his pieces in one move at draughts.
nsubj nummod case nmod:poss obj case nummod obl case obl punct root I PRON jumped VERB two NUM of ADP his PRON pieces NOUN in ADP one NUM move NOUN at ADP draughts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 jumped nsubj 2 jumped jump VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 pieces nummod 4 of of ADP _ 6 pieces case 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 pieces nmod:poss 6 pieces piece NOUN Number=Plur 2 jumped obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 move case 8 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 move nummod 9 move move NOUN Number=Sing 2 jumped obl 10 at at ADP _ 11 draughts case 11 draughts draught NOUN Number=Plur 2 jumped obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 jumped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 jump past I his two pieces one move at draughts vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent piece=Theme in move=Trajectory
Example 4 There are cold draughts coming under the door.
expl amod nsubj acl case det obl punct root There PRON are VERB cold ADJ draughts NOUN coming VERB under ADP the DET door NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 4 draughts amod 4 draughts draught NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 coming come VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 draughts acl 6 under under ADP _ 8 door case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 door det 8 door door NOUN Number=Sing 5 coming obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present cold draughts there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 come gerund cold draughts not said here the door vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under door=Location
Example 5 We put a draught excluder by the door to stop the draughts.
nsubj det compound obj case det obl mark advcl det obj punct root We PRON put VERB a DET draught NOUN excluder NOUN by ADP the DET door NOUN to PART stop VERB the DET draughts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 put nsubj 2 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 excluder det 4 draught draught NOUN Number=Sing 5 excluder compound 5 excluder excluder NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obj 6 by by ADP _ 8 door case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 door det 8 door door NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 9 to to PART _ 10 stop mark 10 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 put advcl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 draughts det 12 draughts draught NOUN Number=Plur 10 stop obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past We a draught excluder by the door vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent excluder=Theme by door=Destination 2 stop to-infinitive We not said here the draughts vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality draught=Eventuality
Example 6 Is draughts the same as checkers? Yes, mostly.
Sentence 1: Is draughts the same as checkers?
cop det obj case obl punct root Is AUX draughts VERB the DET same ADJ as ADP checkers NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 draughts cop 2 draughts draught VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 same det 4 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 2 draughts obj 5 as as ADP _ 6 checkers case 6 checkers checker NOUN Number=Plur 2 draughts obl 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 draughts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present as checkers; draught property tree rules
Sentence 2: Yes, mostly.
discourse punct punct root Yes INTJ , PUNCT mostly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Yes yes INTJ Polarity=Pos 3 mostly discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Yes punct 3 mostly mostly ADV _ root root 4 . . PUNCT _ 3 mostly punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 7 She won three games of draughts in a row.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod case det obl punct root She PRON won VERB three NUM games NOUN of ADP draughts NOUN in ADP a DET row NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 won nsubj 2 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 games nummod 4 games game NOUN Number=Plur 2 won obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 draughts case 6 draughts draught NOUN Number=Plur 4 games nmod 7 in in ADP _ 9 row case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 row det 9 row row NOUN Number=Sing 2 won obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 won punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 win past She three games of draughts a row vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality
Example 8 “Let us keep to the story,” said Mongan, and, having taken some few dozen deep draughts of the wine, he became even more jovial than before.
The tree, 26 words punct ccomp obj xcomp case det obl punct punct nsubj punct cc punct aux conj det amod nummod amod obj case det nmod punct nsubj conj advmod advmod xcomp case obl punct root “ PUNCT Let VERB us PRON keep VERB to ADP the DET story NOUN , PUNCT ” PUNCT said VERB Mongan PROPN , PUNCT and CCONJ , PUNCT having AUX taken VERB some DET few ADJ dozen NUM deep ADJ draughts NOUN of ADP the DET wine NOUN , PUNCT he PRON became VERB even ADV more ADV jovial ADJ than ADP before ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 2 Let punct 2 Let let VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 said ccomp 3 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 Let obj 4 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 Let xcomp 5 to to ADP _ 7 story case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 story det 7 story story NOUN Number=Sing 4 keep obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 2 Let punct 9 ” " PUNCT _ 2 Let punct 10 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 Mongan Mongan PROPN Number=Sing 10 said nsubj 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 taken punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 16 taken cc 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 having punct 15 having have AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 16 taken aux 16 taken take VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 10 said conj 17 some some DET PronType=Ind 21 draughts det 18 few few ADJ Degree=Pos 21 draughts amod 19 dozen dozen NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 21 draughts nummod 20 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 21 draughts amod 21 draughts draught NOUN Number=Plur 16 taken obj 22 of of ADP _ 24 wine case 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 wine det 24 wine wine NOUN Number=Sing 21 draughts nmod 25 , , PUNCT _ 27 became punct 26 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 27 became nsubj 27 became become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 taken conj 28 even even ADV _ 29 more advmod 29 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 30 jovial advmod 30 jovial jovial ADJ Degree=Pos 27 became xcomp 31 than than ADP _ 32 before case 32 before before ADV _ 30 jovial obl 33 . . PUNCT _ 10 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let in a quote infinitive us tree rules 2 keep in a quote infinitive us not said here to the story vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 say speech: assert past Mongan vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 take gerund · perfect Mongan not said here some few dozen deep draughts of the wine vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent draught=Theme 5 become past Mongan jovial property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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