draughty Who acts: having cold air, old castle, you, door, Grandpa, village hall · What happens: have, blow, be, close, put, shape · To what, where: air, door, shaped draught excluder, coats, all, heat
«draughty» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: draughty in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Of a room or building: having cold air blowing through it from gaps round windows and doors.
The tree, 17 words case det cc conj punct amod amod conj acl case obl case obl case nmod cc conj punct root Of ADP a DET room NOUN or CCONJ building NOUN : PUNCT having VERB cold ADJ air NOUN blowing VERB through ADP it PRON from ADP gaps NOUN round ADP windows NOUN and CCONJ doors NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Of of ADP _ 3 room case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 room det 3 room room NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 building cc 5 building building NOUN Number=Sing 3 room conj 6 : : PUNCT _ 9 air punct 7 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 air amod 8 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 9 air amod 9 air air NOUN Number=Sing 3 room conj 10 blowing blow VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 air acl 11 through through ADP _ 12 it case 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 blowing obl 13 from from ADP _ 14 gaps case 14 gaps gap NOUN Number=Plur 10 blowing obl 15 round round ADP _ 16 windows case 16 windows window NOUN Number=Plur 14 gaps nmod 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 doors cc 18 doors door NOUN Number=Plur 16 windows conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 room punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have gerund vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 blow gerund having cold air not said here air from gaps round windows and doors vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from gap=Co-Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 The old castle was dark and draughty.
det amod nsubj cop cc conj punct root The DET old ADJ castle NOUN was AUX dark ADJ and CCONJ draughty ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 castle det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 castle amod 3 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 5 dark nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 dark cop 5 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 draughty cc 7 draughty draughty ADJ Degree=Pos 5 dark conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 dark punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the old castle dark property tree rules 2 be the old castle not said here tree rules
Example 2 Close the door, it's draughty in here!
det obj punct nsubj cop conj case obl punct root Close VERB the DET door NOUN , PUNCT it PRON 's AUX draughty ADJ in ADP here ADV ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Close close VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 door det 3 door door NOUN Number=Sing 1 Close obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 draughty punct 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 draughty nsubj 6 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 draughty cop 7 draughty draughty ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Close conj 8 in in ADP _ 9 here case 9 here here ADV PronType=Dem 7 draughty obl 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Close punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 close imperative you not said here the door vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Patient 2 is present door draughty property tree rules
Example 3 Grandpa put a sausage-shaped draught excluder by the draughty door.
nsubj det compound punct amod compound obj case det amod obl punct root Grandpa PROPN put VERB a DET sausage NOUN - PUNCT shaped VERB draught NOUN excluder NOUN by ADP the DET draughty ADJ door NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 2 put nsubj 2 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 excluder det 4 sausage sausage NOUN Number=Sing 6 shaped compound 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 sausage punct 6 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 excluder amod 7 draught draught NOUN Number=Sing 8 excluder compound 8 excluder excluder NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obj 9 by by ADP _ 12 door case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 door det 11 draughty draughty ADJ Degree=Pos 12 door amod 12 door door NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past Grandpa a shaped draught excluder by the draughty door vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent excluder=Theme by door=Destination 2 shape participle vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
Example 4 The village hall is so draughty that we keep our coats on.
det compound nsubj cop advmod mark nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj advmod punct root The DET village NOUN hall NOUN is AUX so ADV draughty ADJ that SCONJ we PRON keep VERB our PRON coats NOUN on ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 hall det 2 village village NOUN Number=Sing 3 hall compound 3 hall hall NOUN Number=Sing 6 draughty nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 draughty cop 5 so so ADV _ 6 draughty advmod 6 draughty draughty ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 that that SCONJ _ 9 keep mark 8 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 keep nsubj 9 keep keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 draughty advcl 10 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 coats nmod:poss 11 coats coat NOUN Number=Plur 9 keep obj 12 on on ADV _ 9 keep advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 draughty punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the village hall draughty property tree rules 2 keep present we our coats vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coat=Theme
Example 5 Badger's house was warm and snug, not draughty at all.
nmod:poss case nsubj cop cc conj punct advmod conj case obl punct root Badger PROPN 's PART house NOUN was AUX warm ADJ and CCONJ snug ADJ , PUNCT not PART draughty ADJ at ADP all DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Badger Badger PROPN Number=Sing 3 house nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Badger case 3 house house NOUN Number=Sing 5 warm nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 warm cop 5 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 snug cc 7 snug snug ADJ Degree=Pos 5 warm conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 draughty punct 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 draughty advmod 10 draughty draughty ADJ Degree=Pos 5 warm conj 11 at at ADP _ 12 all case 12 all all DET PronType=Tot 10 draughty obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 warm punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Badger's house warm property tree rules 2 be Badger's house not said here tree rules 3 not be Badger's house not said here all tree rules
Example 6 Draughty windows let heat escape and waste energy.
amod nsubj obj xcomp cc conj obj punct root Draughty ADJ windows NOUN let VERB heat NOUN escape VERB and CCONJ waste VERB energy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Draughty draughty ADJ Degree=Pos 2 windows amod 2 windows window NOUN Number=Plur 3 let nsubj 3 let let VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 3 let obj 5 escape escape VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 let xcomp 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 waste cc 7 waste waste VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 escape conj 8 energy energy NOUN Number=Sing 7 waste obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let present Draughty windows heat tree rules 2 escape infinitive heat not said here vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 waste infinitive heat not said here energy vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Patient
Example 7 The tent was draughty, so we wore woolly hats to sleep.
det nsubj cop punct advmod nsubj parataxis amod obj mark advcl punct root The DET tent NOUN was AUX draughty ADJ , PUNCT so ADV we PRON wore VERB woolly ADJ hats NOUN to PART sleep VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 tent det 2 tent tent NOUN Number=Sing 4 draughty nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 draughty cop 4 draughty draughty ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 wore punct 6 so so ADV _ 8 wore advmod 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 wore nsubj 8 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 draughty parataxis 9 woolly woolly ADJ Degree=Pos 10 hats amod 10 hats hat NOUN Number=Plur 8 wore obj 11 to to PART _ 12 sleep mark 12 sleep sleep VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 wore advcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 draughty punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the tent draughty property tree rules 2 wear past we woolly hats vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme 3 sleep to-infinitive we not said here vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous draughtsnext → draw↑ back to D in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/draughty/