drawbridge Who acts: river, modern bridge, guards, army, drawbridge, We · What happens: pull up, lift, stop, get in, let, pass · To what, where: bridge, castle moat, enemies, tall ships, drawbridge, moat
«drawbridge» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: drawbridge in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A bridge that can be pulled up or lifted, especially over a castle moat, to stop enemies getting in.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj:pass nsubj:pass aux aux:pass compound:prt cc conj punct advmod case det compound obl punct mark advcl obj xcomp advmod punct root A DET bridge NOUN that PRON can AUX be AUX pulled VERB up ADP or CCONJ lifted VERB , PUNCT especially ADV over ADP a DET castle NOUN moat NOUN , PUNCT to PART stop VERB enemies NOUN getting VERB in ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bridge det 2 bridge bridge NOUN Number=Sing 6 pulled nsubj:pass 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 pulled nsubj:pass 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 pulled aux 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 pulled aux:pass 6 pulled pull VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 up up ADP _ 6 pulled compound:prt 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 lifted cc 9 lifted lift VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 pulled conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 moat punct 11 especially especially ADV _ 15 moat advmod 12 over over ADP _ 15 moat case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 moat det 14 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 15 moat compound 15 moat moat NOUN Number=Sing 9 lifted obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 stop punct 17 to to PART _ 18 stop mark 18 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 pulled advcl 19 enemies enemy NOUN Number=Plur 18 stop obj 20 getting get VERB VerbForm=Ger 18 stop xcomp 21 in in ADV _ 20 getting advmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 6 pulled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull up can · passive a bridge vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 lift participle a castle moat vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent over moat=Destination 3 stop to-infinitive enemies tree rules 4 get in gerund vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A modern bridge over a river that lifts to let tall ships pass, like Tower Bridge in London.
The tree, 18 words det amod nsubj case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl mark advcl amod obj punct case compound obl case nmod punct root A DET modern ADJ bridge NOUN over ADP a DET river NOUN that PRON lifts VERB to PART let VERB tall ADJ ships NOUN pass VERB , PUNCT like ADP Tower PROPN Bridge PROPN in ADP London PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bridge det 2 modern modern ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bridge amod 3 bridge bridge NOUN Number=Sing 13 pass nsubj 4 over over ADP _ 6 river case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 river det 6 river river NOUN Number=Sing 3 bridge nmod 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 lifts nsubj 8 lifts lift VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 river acl:relcl 9 to to PART _ 10 let mark 10 let let VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 lifts advcl 11 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 12 ships amod 12 ships ship NOUN Number=Plur 10 let obj 13 pass pass VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 Bridge punct 15 like like ADP _ 17 Bridge case 16 Tower Tower PROPN Number=Sing 17 Bridge compound 17 Bridge Bridge PROPN Number=Sing 13 pass obl 18 in in ADP _ 19 London case 19 London London PROPN Number=Sing 17 Bridge nmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 13 pass punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lift present a river vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 let to-infinitive a river not said here tall ships vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ship=Theme 3 pass present a modern bridge over a river like Tower Bridge in London vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The guards raised the drawbridge as the army came near.
det nsubj det obj mark det nsubj advcl advmod punct root The DET guards NOUN raised VERB the DET drawbridge NOUN as SCONJ the DET army NOUN came VERB near ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 guards det 2 guards guard NOUN Number=Plur 3 raised nsubj 3 raised raise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 drawbridge det 5 drawbridge drawbridge NOUN Number=Sing 3 raised obj 6 as as SCONJ _ 9 came mark 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 army det 8 army army NOUN Number=Sing 9 came nsubj 9 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 raised advcl 10 near near ADV _ 9 came advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 raised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 raise past the guards the drawbridge vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drawbridge=Theme 2 come past the army near property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 The drawbridge crossed the moat to the castle gate.
det nsubj det obj case det compound obl punct root The DET drawbridge NOUN crossed VERB the DET moat NOUN to ADP the DET castle NOUN gate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 drawbridge det 2 drawbridge drawbridge NOUN Number=Sing 3 crossed nsubj 3 crossed cross VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 moat det 5 moat moat NOUN Number=Sing 3 crossed obj 6 to to ADP _ 9 gate case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 gate det 8 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 9 gate compound 9 gate gate NOUN Number=Sing 3 crossed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 crossed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cross past the drawbridge the moat the castle gate vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent moat=Patient to gate=Recipient
Example 3 We built a cardboard castle with a drawbridge on string.
nsubj det compound obj case det obl case nmod punct root We PRON built VERB a DET cardboard NOUN castle NOUN with ADP a DET drawbridge NOUN on ADP string NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 built nsubj 2 built build VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 castle det 4 cardboard cardboard NOUN Number=Sing 5 castle compound 5 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 2 built obj 6 with with ADP _ 8 drawbridge case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 drawbridge det 8 drawbridge drawbridge NOUN Number=Sing 2 built obl 9 on on ADP _ 10 string case 10 string string NOUN Number=Sing 8 drawbridge nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 built punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build past We a cardboard castle with a drawbridge on string vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent castle=Theme with drawbridge=Source
Example 4 Tower Bridge opens like a drawbridge to let ships through.
compound nsubj case det obl mark advcl obj advmod punct root Tower PROPN Bridge PROPN opens VERB like ADP a DET drawbridge NOUN to PART let VERB ships NOUN through ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tower Tower PROPN Number=Sing 2 Bridge compound 2 Bridge Bridge PROPN Number=Sing 3 opens nsubj 3 opens open VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 like like ADP _ 6 drawbridge case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 drawbridge det 6 drawbridge drawbridge NOUN Number=Sing 3 opens obl 7 to to PART _ 8 let mark 8 let let VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 opens advcl 9 ships ship NOUN Number=Plur 8 let obj 10 through through ADV _ 8 let advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 opens punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 open present Tower Bridge like a drawbridge vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 let to-infinitive Tower Bridge not said here ships through property vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ship=Theme
Example 5 The knight rode over the drawbridge.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET knight NOUN rode VERB over ADP the DET drawbridge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 knight det 2 knight knight NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode nsubj 3 rode ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 over over ADP _ 6 drawbridge case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 drawbridge det 6 drawbridge drawbridge NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 rode punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ride past the knight the drawbridge vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over drawbridge=Trajectory
Example 6 Pull up the drawbridge! shouted the king.
compound:prt det obj punct parataxis det obj punct root Pull VERB up ADP the DET drawbridge NOUN ! PUNCT shouted VERB the DET king NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pull pull VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 up up ADP _ 1 Pull compound:prt 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 drawbridge det 4 drawbridge drawbridge NOUN Number=Sing 1 Pull obj 5 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 shouted punct 6 shouted shout VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Pull parataxis 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 king det 8 king king NOUN Number=Sing 6 shouted obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Pull punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull up imperative you not said here the drawbridge vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drawbridge=Theme 2 shout speech: express past the king vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent king=Topic
Example 7 Close by the drawbridge, near the gate, there was an old willow tree, which bent over the reeds.
The tree, 18 words advmod case det nsubj punct case det conj punct expl cop det amod compound punct nsubj conj case det obl punct root Close ADV by ADP the DET drawbridge NOUN , PUNCT near ADP the DET gate NOUN , PUNCT there PRON was AUX an DET old ADJ willow NOUN tree NOUN , PUNCT which PRON bent VERB over ADP the DET reeds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Close close ADV Degree=Pos 4 drawbridge advmod 2 by by ADP _ 4 drawbridge case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 drawbridge det 4 drawbridge drawbridge NOUN Number=Sing 15 tree nsubj 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 gate punct 6 near near ADP _ 8 gate case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 gate det 8 gate gate NOUN Number=Sing 4 drawbridge conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 was punct 10 there there PRON PronType=Dem 11 was expl 11 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 15 tree cop 12 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 tree det 13 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 15 tree amod 14 willow willow NOUN Number=Sing 15 tree compound 15 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing root root 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 bent punct 17 which which PRON PronType=Rel 18 bent nsubj 18 bent bend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 15 tree conj 19 over over ADP _ 21 reeds case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 reeds det 21 reeds reed NOUN Number=Plur 18 bent obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 15 tree punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the drawbridge and the gate a old willow tree tree rules 2 bend past a old willow tree the reeds vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over reed=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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