drown Who acts: you, People, music, lifeguard, boy, I · What happens: drown, mean, die, be, not breathe, kill · To what, where: water, someone, them, sound, other sound, much · Speech: someone speaks here
«drown» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: drown in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To drown means to die because you are under water and cannot breathe.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj mark xcomp mark nsubj cop case advcl cc aux advmod conj punct root To PART drown VERB means VERB to PART die VERB because SCONJ you PRON are AUX under ADP water NOUN and CCONJ can AUX not PART breathe VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 drown mark 2 drown drown VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 die mark 5 die die VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 because because SCONJ _ 10 water mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 water nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 water cop 9 under under ADP _ 10 water case 10 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 die advcl 11 and and CCONJ _ 14 breathe cc 12 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 breathe aux 13 not not PART Polarity=Neg 14 breathe advmod 14 breathe breathe VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 die conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drown to-infinitive vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 die not said to happen to-infinitive vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 4 is present you water tree rules 5 not breathe can vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To drown someone or something means to kill them by keeping them under water.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj obj cc conj mark xcomp obj mark advcl obj case obl punct root To PART drown VERB someone PRON or CCONJ something PRON means VERB to PART kill VERB them PRON by SCONJ keeping VERB them PRON under ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 drown mark 2 drown drown VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means csubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 drown obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 something cc 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 someone conj 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 to to PART _ 8 kill mark 8 kill kill VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means xcomp 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 kill obj 10 by by SCONJ _ 11 keeping mark 11 keeping keep VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 kill advcl 12 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 keeping obj 13 under under ADP _ 14 water case 14 water water NOUN Number=Sing 11 keeping obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drown to-infinitive someone vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 kill not said to happen to-infinitive them = they vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme 4 keep gerund them = they water vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Theme under water=Location
Meaning 3 To drown out a sound means to be so loud that the other sound cannot be heard.
The tree, 18 words mark csubj compound:prt det obj mark cop advmod ccomp mark det amod nsubj:pass aux advmod aux:pass advcl punct root To PART drown VERB out ADP a DET sound NOUN means VERB to PART be AUX so ADV loud ADJ that SCONJ the DET other ADJ sound NOUN can AUX not PART be AUX heard VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 drown mark 2 drown drown VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means csubj 3 out out ADP _ 2 drown compound:prt 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 sound det 5 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 2 drown obj 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 to to PART _ 10 loud mark 8 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 10 loud cop 9 so so ADV _ 10 loud advmod 10 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 6 means ccomp 11 that that SCONJ _ 18 heard mark 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 sound det 13 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 14 sound amod 14 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 18 heard nsubj:pass 15 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 18 heard aux 16 not not PART Polarity=Neg 18 heard advmod 17 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 18 heard aux:pass 18 heard hear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 loud advcl 19 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drown out to-infinitive a sound vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 3 is not said to happen to-infinitive loud property tree rules 4 not hear can · passive the other sound vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus
Meaning 4 To drown can mean to have too much of something: drowning in homework.
The tree, 13 words mark csubj aux mark xcomp advmod obj case nmod punct advcl case obl punct root To PART drown VERB can AUX mean VERB to PART have VERB too ADV much ADJ of ADP something PRON : PUNCT drowning VERB in ADP homework NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 drown mark 2 drown drown VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean csubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 6 have mark 6 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean xcomp 7 too too ADV _ 8 much advmod 8 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 6 have obj 9 of of ADP _ 10 something case 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 much nmod 11 : : PUNCT _ 12 drowning punct 12 drowning drown VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 mean advcl 13 in in ADP _ 14 homework case 14 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 12 drowning obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drown to-infinitive vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 have not said to happen to-infinitive much of something vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Patient 4 drown gerund homework vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 People can drown in very shallow water, so never leave a baby alone in the bath.
The tree, 16 words nsubj aux case advmod amod obl punct advmod advmod conj det obj advmod case det obl punct root People NOUN can AUX drown VERB in ADP very ADV shallow ADJ water NOUN , PUNCT so ADV never ADV leave VERB a DET baby NOUN alone ADV in ADP the DET bath NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 3 drown nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 drown aux 3 drown drown VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 in in ADP _ 7 water case 5 very very ADV _ 6 shallow advmod 6 shallow shallow ADJ Degree=Pos 7 water amod 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 drown obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 leave punct 9 so so ADV _ 11 leave advmod 10 never never ADV PronType=Neg 11 leave advmod 11 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 drown conj 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 baby det 13 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 11 leave obj 14 alone alone ADV _ 11 leave advmod 15 in in ADP _ 17 bath case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 bath det 17 bath bath NOUN Number=Sing 11 leave obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 drown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drown can People shallow water vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 not leave infinitive People not said here a baby the bath alone property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent baby=Theme in bath=Location
Example 2 Learn to swim so you are safer in the water.
mark xcomp mark nsubj cop advcl case det obl punct root Learn VERB to PART swim VERB so SCONJ you PRON are AUX safer ADJ in ADP the DET water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Learn learn VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 to to PART _ 3 swim mark 3 swim swim VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Learn xcomp 4 so so SCONJ _ 7 safer mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 safer nsubj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 safer cop 7 safer safe ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 swim advcl 8 in in ADP _ 10 water case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 water det 10 water water NOUN Number=Sing 7 safer obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Learn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn imperative you not said here vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 swim to-infinitive you not said here vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 is present you the water safe property tree rules
Example 3 If you see someone drowning, shout for help and throw them something that floats.
The tree, 14 words mark nsubj advcl obj acl punct case obl cc conj obj obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root If SCONJ you PRON see VERB someone PRON drowning VERB , PUNCT shout VERB for ADP help NOUN and CCONJ throw VERB them PRON something PRON that PRON floats VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 see mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 see nsubj 3 see see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 shout advcl 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 see obj 5 drowning drown VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 someone acl 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 see punct 7 shout shout VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 for for ADP _ 9 help case 9 help help NOUN Number=Sing 7 shout obl 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 throw cc 11 throw throw VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 7 shout conj 12 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 throw obj 13 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 throw obj 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 15 floats nsubj 15 floats float VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 something acl:relcl 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 shout punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see a condition, not said to happen present you someone vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Stimulus 2 drown gerund vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 shout speech: express imperative you not said here for help vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for help=Recipient 4 throw infinitive you not said here them = they vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Destination something=Theme 5 float present vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 The music drowned out our voices.
det nsubj compound:prt nmod:poss obj punct root The DET music NOUN drowned VERB out ADP our PRON voices NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 music det 2 music music NOUN Number=Sing 3 drowned nsubj 3 drowned drown VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADP _ 3 drowned compound:prt 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 voices nmod:poss 6 voices voice NOUN Number=Plur 3 drowned obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 drowned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drown out past the music our voices vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Patient
Example 5 The lifeguard saved a boy who was drowning.
det nsubj det obj nsubj aux acl:relcl punct root The DET lifeguard NOUN saved VERB a DET boy NOUN who PRON was AUX drowning VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lifeguard det 2 lifeguard lifeguard NOUN Number=Sing 3 saved nsubj 3 saved save VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 boy det 5 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 3 saved obj 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 drowning nsubj 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 drowning aux 8 drowning drown VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 boy acl:relcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 saved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 save past the lifeguard a boy vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boy=Theme 2 drown past · progressive a boy vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 6 I'm drowning in homework this week!
nsubj aux case obl det obl:unmarked punct root I PRON 'm AUX drowning VERB in ADP homework NOUN this DET week NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 drowning nsubj 2 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 drowning aux 3 drowning drown VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 homework case 5 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 3 drowning obl 6 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 week det 7 week week NOUN Number=Sing 3 drowning obl:unmarked 8 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 drowning punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drown present · progressive I homework week vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Plants can drown if you give them too much water.
nsubj aux mark nsubj advcl iobj advmod amod obj punct root Plants NOUN can AUX drown VERB if SCONJ you PRON give VERB them PRON too ADV much ADJ water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 3 drown nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 drown aux 3 drown drown VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 if if SCONJ _ 6 give mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 give nsubj 6 give give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 drown advcl 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 give iobj 8 too too ADV _ 9 much advmod 9 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 10 water amod 10 water water NOUN Number=Sing 6 give obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 drown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drown can Plants vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 give a condition, not said to happen present you much water Plants = plant vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient water=Theme
Example 8 Never swim alone in a lake or river.
advmod advmod case det obl cc conj punct root Never ADV swim VERB alone ADV in ADP a DET lake NOUN or CCONJ river NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 swim advmod 2 swim swim VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 alone alone ADV _ 2 swim advmod 4 in in ADP _ 6 lake case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 lake det 6 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 2 swim obl 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 river cc 8 river river NOUN Number=Sing 6 lake conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 swim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not swim imperative you not said here a lake or river alone property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lake=Trajectory
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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