dubiously Who acts: doubtful way, you, something, that, people, Mia · What happens: show, not be, be, suspect, look, ask · To what, where: way, right way, Dad, new food, shiny new cart, ME · Speech: someone speaks here
«dubiously» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: dubiously in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 In a doubtful way, showing you are not sure something is true, good or safe.
The tree, 15 words case det amod punct acl nsubj cop advmod ccomp nsubj cop parataxis punct conj cc conj punct root In ADP a DET doubtful ADJ way NOUN , PUNCT showing VERB you PRON are AUX not PART sure ADJ something PRON is AUX true ADJ , PUNCT good ADJ or CCONJ safe ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 way case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 way det 3 doubtful doubtful ADJ Degree=Pos 4 way amod 4 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 way punct 6 showing show VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 way acl 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 sure nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 sure cop 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 sure advmod 10 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 6 showing ccomp 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 true nsubj 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 true cop 13 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 10 sure parataxis 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 good punct 15 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 13 true conj 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 safe cc 17 safe safe ADJ Degree=Pos 13 true conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show gerund a doubtful way not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 not is present you sure property tree rules 3 is present something true property tree rules 4 be something not said here tree rules 5 be something not said here tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In a way that is not quite honest or that people suspect.
case det obl nsubj cop advmod advmod cc mark nsubj conj punct root In ADP a DET way NOUN that PRON is AUX not PART quite ADV honest ADJ or CCONJ that SCONJ people NOUN suspect VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 way case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 way det 3 way way NOUN Number=Sing 8 honest obl 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 honest nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 honest cop 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 honest advmod 7 quite quite ADV _ 8 honest advmod 8 honest honest ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 or or CCONJ _ 12 suspect cc 10 that that SCONJ _ 12 suspect mark 11 people people NOUN Number=Plur 12 suspect nsubj 12 suspect suspect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 honest conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 honest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is present that a way honest property tree rules 2 suspect present people vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Mia looked dubiously at the green soup.
nsubj advmod case det amod obl punct root Mia PROPN looked VERB dubiously ADV at ADP the DET green ADJ soup NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mia Mia PROPN Number=Sing 2 looked nsubj 2 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 dubiously dubiously ADV _ 2 looked advmod 4 at at ADP _ 7 soup case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 soup det 6 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 7 soup amod 7 soup soup NOUN Number=Sing 2 looked obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past Mia at the green soup; dubiously property vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at soup=Theme
Example 2 «Are you sure this is the right way?» asked Dad dubiously.
The tree, 11 words punct cop nsubj nsubj cop det amod ccomp punct punct parataxis iobj advmod punct root « PUNCT Are AUX you PRON sure ADJ this PRON is AUX the DET right ADJ way NOUN ? PUNCT » PUNCT asked VERB Dad PROPN dubiously ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 sure punct 2 Are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 sure cop 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 sure nsubj 4 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 way nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 way cop 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 way det 8 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 9 way amod 9 way way NOUN Number=Sing 4 sure ccomp 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 sure punct 11 » » PUNCT _ 4 sure punct 12 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 sure parataxis 13 Dad Dad PROPN Number=Sing 12 asked iobj 14 dubiously dubiously ADV _ 12 asked advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 sure punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present Dad sure property tree rules 2 is a in a quote present this the right way tree rules 3 ask speech: ask past Dad dubiously property vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent dad=Recipient
Example 3 The cat sniffed the new food dubiously and walked away.
det nsubj det amod obj advmod cc conj advmod punct root The DET cat NOUN sniffed VERB the DET new ADJ food NOUN dubiously ADV and CCONJ walked VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cat det 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 3 sniffed nsubj 3 sniffed sniff VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 food det 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 6 food amod 6 food food NOUN Number=Sing 3 sniffed obj 7 dubiously dubiously ADV _ 3 sniffed advmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 walked cc 9 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 sniffed conj 10 away away ADV _ 9 walked advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 sniffed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sniff past the cat the new food dubiously property vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme 2 walk away past the cat not said here away property vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Rat eyed Toad's shiny new cart dubiously.
nsubj nmod:poss case amod amod obj advmod punct root Rat PROPN eyed VERB Toad PROPN 's PART shiny ADJ new ADJ cart NOUN dubiously ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rat Rat PROPN Number=Sing 2 eyed nsubj 2 eyed eye VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 Toad Toad PROPN Number=Sing 7 cart nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 Toad case 5 shiny shiny ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cart amod 6 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cart amod 7 cart cart NOUN Number=Sing 2 eyed obj 8 dubiously dubiously ADV _ 2 eyed advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 eyed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eye past Rat Toad's shiny new cart dubiously property vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cart=Stimulus
Example 5 Alice looked dubiously at the bottle marked «DRINK ME».
nsubj advmod mark det nsubj advcl punct xcomp obj punct punct root Alice PROPN looked VERB dubiously ADV at SCONJ the DET bottle NOUN marked VERB « PUNCT DRINK VERB ME PRON » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Alice Alice PROPN Number=Sing 2 looked nsubj 2 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 dubiously dubiously ADV _ 2 looked advmod 4 at at SCONJ _ 7 marked mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bottle det 6 bottle bottle NOUN Number=Sing 7 marked nsubj 7 marked mark VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 looked advcl 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 DRINK punct 9 DRINK drink VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 marked xcomp 10 ME I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 DRINK obj 11 » » PUNCT _ 9 DRINK punct 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past Alice dubiously property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 2 mark past the bottle tree rules 3 drink in a quote infinitive the bottle not said here ME vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient
Example 6 He was dubiously quiet when Mum asked who had eaten the cake.
nsubj cop advmod advmod nsubj advcl nsubj aux ccomp det obj punct root He PRON was AUX dubiously ADV quiet ADJ when ADV Mum PROPN asked VERB who PRON had AUX eaten VERB the DET cake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 quiet nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 quiet cop 3 dubiously dubiously ADV _ 4 quiet advmod 4 quiet quiet ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 asked advmod 6 Mum Mum PROPN Number=Sing 7 asked nsubj 7 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 quiet advcl 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 10 eaten nsubj 9 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 eaten aux 10 eaten eat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 7 asked ccomp 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 cake det 12 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 10 eaten obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 quiet punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past He dubiously, quiet property tree rules 2 ask speech: ask past Mum vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 eat past · perfect the cake vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Patient
Example 7 The teacher dubiously accepted the excuse about the dog eating the homework.
det nsubj advmod det obj case det nmod acl det obj punct root The DET teacher NOUN dubiously ADV accepted VERB the DET excuse NOUN about ADP the DET dog NOUN eating VERB the DET homework NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 accepted nsubj 3 dubiously dubiously ADV _ 4 accepted advmod 4 accepted accept VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 excuse det 6 excuse excuse NOUN Number=Sing 4 accepted obj 7 about about ADP _ 9 dog case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 dog det 9 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 6 excuse nmod 10 eating eat VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 dog acl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 homework det 12 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 10 eating obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 accepted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 accept past the teacher the excuse about the dog; dubiously property vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent excuse=Theme 2 eat gerund the dog not said here the homework vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent homework=Patient
Example 8 "Well, no," replied the little boy, dubiously.
punct discourse punct discourse punct punct det amod obj punct advmod punct root " PUNCT Well INTJ , PUNCT no INTJ , PUNCT " PUNCT replied VERB the DET little ADJ boy NOUN , PUNCT dubiously ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 7 replied punct 2 Well well INTJ _ 7 replied discourse 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Well punct 4 no no INTJ Polarity=Neg 2 Well discourse 5 , , PUNCT _ 2 Well punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 2 Well punct 7 replied reply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 boy det 9 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 10 boy amod 10 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 7 replied obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 dubiously punct 12 dubiously dubiously ADV _ 7 replied advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 replied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reply speech: assert past the little boy dubiously property vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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