dud Who acts: firework, person, shell, last firework, battery, 's · What happens: not work, be, not go off, fail, disappoint, not explode · To what, where: dud, 's, another, new phone, film, US
«dud» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: dud in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
Something that does not work properly or is useless, like a firework that does not go off or a dead battery.
The tree, 21 words nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl advmod cc cop conj punct case det conj nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl compound:prt cc det amod conj punct root Something PRON that PRON does AUX not PART work VERB properly ADV or CCONJ is AUX useless ADJ , PUNCT like ADP a DET firework NOUN that PRON does AUX not PART go VERB off ADP or CCONJ a DET dead ADJ battery NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 2 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 work nsubj 3 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 work aux 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 work advmod 5 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Something acl:relcl 6 properly properly ADV _ 5 work advmod 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 useless cc 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 useless cop 9 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos 5 work conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 firework punct 11 like like ADP _ 13 firework case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 firework det 13 firework firework NOUN Number=Sing 9 useless conj 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 17 go nsubj 15 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 go aux 16 not not PART Polarity=Neg 17 go advmod 17 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 firework acl:relcl 18 off off ADP _ 17 go compound:prt 19 or or CCONJ _ 22 battery cc 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 battery det 21 dead dead ADJ Degree=Pos 22 battery amod 22 battery battery NOUN Number=Sing 13 firework conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 1 Something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not work present · do-support properly property vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present useless property tree rules 3 not go off present · do-support a firework or a dead battery vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
A person or thing that fails or disappoints.
det cc conj nsubj acl:relcl cc conj punct root A DET person NOUN or CCONJ thing NOUN that PRON fails VERB or CCONJ disappoints VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 thing cc 4 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 2 person conj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 fails nsubj 6 fails fail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 person acl:relcl 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 disappoints cc 8 disappoints disappoint VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 fails conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fail present a person or thing vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 disappoint present a person or thing not said here tree rules
Meaning 3 duds (US, informal, old): clothes.
punct appos punct parataxis punct conj punct punct conj punct root duds NOUN ( PUNCT US PROPN , PUNCT informal ADJ , PUNCT old ADJ ) PUNCT : PUNCT clothes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 duds dud NOUN Number=Plur root root 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 US punct 3 US US PROPN Number=Sing 1 duds appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 informal punct 5 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 1 duds parataxis 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 old punct 7 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 informal conj 8 ) ) PUNCT _ 7 old punct 9 : : PUNCT _ 10 clothes punct 10 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 1 duds conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 duds punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 4 Usage: military — kept apart, not parsed.
A bomb or shell that did not explode.
det cc conj nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct root A DET bomb NOUN or CCONJ shell NOUN that PRON did AUX not PART explode VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bomb det 2 bomb bomb NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 shell cc 4 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 2 bomb conj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 explode nsubj 6 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 explode aux 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 explode advmod 8 explode explode VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 shell acl:relcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 bomb punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not explode past · do-support shell vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The last firework was a dud.
det amod nsubj cop det punct root The DET last ADJ firework NOUN was AUX a DET dud NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 firework det 2 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 3 firework amod 3 firework firework NOUN Number=Sing 6 dud nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 dud cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 dud det 6 dud dud NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 dud punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the last firework a dud tree rules
Example 2 This battery is a dud; let's try another.
det nsubj cop det punct appos obj xcomp obj punct root This DET battery NOUN is AUX a DET dud NOUN ; PUNCT let VERB 's PRON try VERB another DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 battery det 2 battery battery NOUN Number=Sing 5 dud nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 dud cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 dud det 5 dud dud NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 let punct 7 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 dud appos 8 's we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 let obj 9 try try VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 let xcomp 10 another another DET PronType=Ind 9 try obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 dud punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present this battery a dud tree rules 2 let infinitive 's tree rules 3 try infinitive 's not said here another vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent another=Eventuality
Example 3 The new phone turned out to be a dud.
det amod acl compound:prt mark cop det xcomp punct root The DET new ADJ phone NOUN turned VERB out ADP to PART be AUX a DET dud NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 phone det 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 3 phone amod 3 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 turned turn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 phone acl 5 out out ADP _ 4 turned compound:prt 6 to to PART _ 9 dud mark 7 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 dud cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 dud det 9 dud dud NOUN Number=Sing 4 turned xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 phone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn out participle the new phone not said here vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a to-infinitive a dud tree rules
Example 4 Never go back to a dud firework: it might explode.
advmod advmod case det amod obl punct nsubj aux parataxis punct root Never ADV go VERB back ADV to ADP a DET dud ADJ firework NOUN : PUNCT it PRON might AUX explode VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 go advmod 2 go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 back back ADV _ 2 go advmod 4 to to ADP _ 7 firework case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 firework det 6 dud dud ADJ Degree=Pos 7 firework amod 7 firework firework NOUN Number=Sing 2 go obl 8 : : PUNCT _ 11 explode punct 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 explode nsubj 10 might might AUX VerbForm=Fin 11 explode aux 11 explode explode VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 go parataxis 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not go back imperative you not said here to a dud firework result vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to firework=Result 2 explode might firework vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 (informal) The film was a dud, and nobody went to see it.
The tree, 12 words punct discourse punct det nsubj cop det punct cc nsubj conj mark xcomp obj punct root ( PUNCT informal NUM ) PUNCT The DET film NOUN was AUX a DET dud NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ nobody PRON went VERB to PART see VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 informal punct 2 informal informal NUM _ 8 dud discourse 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 informal punct 4 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 film det 5 film film NOUN Number=Sing 8 dud nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 dud cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 dud det 8 dud dud NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 went punct 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 went cc 11 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 12 went nsubj 12 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 dud conj 13 to to PART _ 14 see mark 14 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 went xcomp 15 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 see obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 8 dud punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the film a dud tree rules 2 go past nobody vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 see to-infinitive nobody not said here film vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
Example 6 One of the eggs was a dud and did not hatch.
nsubj case det nmod cop det cc aux advmod conj punct root One NUM of ADP the DET eggs NOUN was AUX a DET dud NOUN and CCONJ did AUX not PART hatch VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 dud nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 4 eggs case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 eggs det 4 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 1 One nmod 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 dud cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 dud det 7 dud dud NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 and and CCONJ _ 11 hatch cc 9 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 hatch aux 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 hatch advmod 11 hatch hatch VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 dud conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 dud punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past One of the eggs a dud tree rules 2 not hatch past · do-support One of the eggs not said here vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient
Example 7 (US, old informal) He put on his best duds for the party.
The tree, 12 words punct obl:unmarked punct amod appos punct nsubj case nmod:poss amod obl case det obl punct root ( PUNCT US PROPN , PUNCT old ADJ informal NOUN ) PUNCT He PRON put VERB on ADP his PRON best ADJ duds NOUN for ADP the DET party NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 US punct 2 US US PROPN Number=Sing 8 put obl:unmarked 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 informal punct 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 informal amod 5 informal informal NOUN Number=Sing 2 US appos 6 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 US punct 7 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 put nsubj 8 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 on on ADP _ 12 duds case 10 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 duds nmod:poss 11 best good ADJ Degree=Sup 12 duds amod 12 duds dud NOUN Number=Plur 8 put obl 13 for for ADP _ 15 party case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 party det 15 party party NOUN Number=Sing 8 put obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 8 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past He US his best duds for the party vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on dud=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous ductnext → dude↑ back to D in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/dud/