duff Who acts: Duff, bottom, torch, batteries, He, That · What happens: mean, not work, be, get off, stop, duff up · To what, where: bottom, duff, someone, fashioned word, duff note, middle · Speech: someone speaks here
«duff» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: duff in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: informal, UK — kept apart, not parsed.
Duff means bad, useless or not working: a duff battery, a duff idea.
The tree, 13 words nsubj xcomp punct conj cc advmod conj punct det compound parataxis punct det compound appos punct root Duff NOUN means VERB bad ADJ , PUNCT useless ADJ or CCONJ not PART working VERB : PUNCT a DET duff NOUN battery NOUN , PUNCT a DET duff NOUN idea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Duff duff NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 useless punct 5 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bad conj 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 working cc 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 working advmod 8 working work VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 useless conj 9 : : PUNCT _ 12 battery punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 battery det 11 duff duff NOUN Number=Sing 12 battery compound 12 battery battery NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 idea punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 idea det 15 duff duff NOUN Number=Sing 16 idea compound 16 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 12 battery appos 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Duff bad property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 not work gerund Duff not said here vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: slang, mainly US — kept apart, not parsed.
Your duff is your bottom; «get off your duff» means stop being lazy.
The tree, 13 words nmod:poss nsubj cop nmod:poss nsubj punct punct appos compound:prt nmod:poss obj punct ccomp cop xcomp punct root Your PRON duff NOUN is AUX your PRON bottom NOUN ; PUNCT « PUNCT get VERB off ADP your PRON duff NOUN » PUNCT means VERB stop VERB being AUX lazy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 duff nmod:poss 2 duff duff NOUN Number=Sing 5 bottom nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bottom cop 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 bottom nmod:poss 5 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing 13 means nsubj 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 get punct 7 « « PUNCT _ 8 get punct 8 get get VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 bottom appos 9 off off ADP _ 8 get compound:prt 10 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 duff nmod:poss 11 duff duff NOUN Number=Sing 8 get obj 12 » » PUNCT _ 8 get punct 13 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 14 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 means ccomp 15 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 16 lazy cop 16 lazy lazy ADJ Degree=Pos 14 stop xcomp 17 . . PUNCT _ 13 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Your duff your bottom tree rules 2 get off in a quote infinitive your duff vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer duff=Stimulus 3 mean present your bottom vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 stop infinitive vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 5 is gerund lazy property tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: slang, UK — kept apart, not parsed.
To duff someone up is to beat them up.
mark advcl obj compound:prt cop mark obj compound:prt punct root To PART duff VERB someone PRON up ADP is AUX to PART beat VERB them PRON up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 duff mark 2 duff duff VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 beat advcl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 duff obj 4 up up ADP _ 2 duff compound:prt 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 beat cop 6 to to PART _ 7 beat mark 7 beat beat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 beat obj 9 up up ADP _ 7 beat compound:prt 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 beat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 duff up to-infinitive someone tree rules 2 is present beat property tree rules
Meaning 4 A duff is an old-fashioned word for a kind of steamed pudding, as in plum duff.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod case det nmod case amod nmod punct case case amod conj punct root A DET duff NOUN is AUX an DET old ADJ - PUNCT fashioned ADJ word NOUN for ADP a DET kind NOUN of ADP steamed VERB pudding NOUN , PUNCT as ADP in ADP plum ADJ duff NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 duff det 2 duff duff NOUN Number=Sing 8 word nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 word cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 word det 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fashioned amod 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 old punct 7 fashioned fashioned ADJ Degree=Pos 8 word amod 8 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 for for ADP _ 11 kind case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 kind det 11 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 8 word nmod 12 of of ADP _ 14 pudding case 13 steamed steam VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 pudding amod 14 pudding pudding NOUN Number=Sing 11 kind nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 19 duff punct 16 as as ADP _ 19 duff case 17 in in ADP _ 19 duff case 18 plum plum ADJ Degree=Pos 19 duff amod 19 duff duff NOUN Number=Sing 8 word conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 8 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a duff a fashioned word and plum duff for a kind of steamed pudding tree rules 2 steam participle vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 1 This torch is duff — the batteries must be flat.
det nsubj cop punct det nsubj aux cop conj punct root This DET torch NOUN is AUX duff NOUN — PUNCT the DET batteries NOUN must AUX be AUX flat ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 torch det 2 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 4 duff nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 duff cop 4 duff duff NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 — - PUNCT _ 10 flat punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 batteries det 7 batteries battery NOUN Number=Plur 10 flat nsubj 8 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 flat aux 9 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 10 flat cop 10 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 4 duff conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 duff punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present this torch duff tree rules 2 is must the batteries flat property tree rules
Example 2 He played a duff note in the middle of the song.
nsubj det compound obj case det obl case det nmod punct root He PRON played VERB a DET duff NOUN note NOUN in ADP the DET middle NOUN of ADP the DET song NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 played nsubj 2 played play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 note det 4 duff duff NOUN Number=Sing 5 note compound 5 note note NOUN Number=Sing 2 played obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 middle case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 middle det 8 middle middle NOUN Number=Sing 2 played obl 9 of of ADP _ 11 song case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 song det 11 song song NOUN Number=Sing 8 middle nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 played punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play past He a duff note the middle of the song vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent note=Theme
Example 3 That was a duff idea, Tom.
nsubj cop det compound punct appos punct root That PRON was AUX a DET duff NOUN idea NOUN , PUNCT Tom PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 idea nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 idea cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 idea det 4 duff duff NOUN Number=Sing 5 idea compound 5 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 Tom punct 7 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 5 idea appos 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 idea punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past That a duff idea tree rules
Example 4 (US slang) Get off your duff and help me clean up!
punct compound obl punct compound:prt nmod:poss obj cc conj obj xcomp compound:prt punct root ( PUNCT US PROPN slang NOUN ) PUNCT Get VERB off ADP your PRON duff NOUN and CCONJ help VERB me PRON clean VERB up ADP ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 slang punct 2 US US PROPN Number=Sing 3 slang compound 3 slang slang NOUN Number=Sing 5 Get obl 4 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 slang punct 5 Get get VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 off off ADP _ 5 Get compound:prt 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 duff nmod:poss 8 duff duff NOUN Number=Sing 5 Get obj 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 help cc 10 help help VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 Get conj 11 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 help obj 12 clean clean VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 help xcomp 13 up up ADP _ 12 clean compound:prt 14 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 Get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get off imperative you not said here US slang vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer duff=Stimulus 2 help infinitive you not said here me vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary clause=Theme 3 clean up infinitive me not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 5 (UK slang) The bully threatened to duff him up.
punct compound punct det conj acl mark xcomp obj compound:prt punct root ( PUNCT UK PROPN slang NOUN ) PUNCT The DET bully NOUN threatened VERB to PART duff VERB him PRON up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 slang punct 2 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 3 slang compound 3 slang slang NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 slang punct 5 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bully det 6 bully bully NOUN Number=Sing 3 slang conj 7 threatened threaten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 bully acl 8 to to PART _ 9 duff mark 9 duff duff VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 threatened xcomp 10 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 duff obj 11 up up ADP _ 9 duff compound:prt 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 slang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 threaten participle the bully not said here tree rules 2 duff up not said to happen to-infinitive him = he tree rules
Example 6 We got a duff calculator that kept giving wrong answers.
nsubj det compound obj nsubj acl:relcl xcomp amod obj punct root We PRON got VERB a DET duff NOUN calculator NOUN that PRON kept VERB giving VERB wrong ADJ answers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 got nsubj 2 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 calculator det 4 duff duff NOUN Number=Sing 5 calculator compound 5 calculator calculator NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obj 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 kept nsubj 7 kept keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 calculator acl:relcl 8 giving give VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 kept xcomp 9 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 10 answers amod 10 answers answer NOUN Number=Plur 8 giving obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past We a duff calculator vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer calculator=Stimulus 2 keep past a duff calculator tree rules 3 give gerund a duff calculator not said here wrong answers vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme
Example 7 Grandma made plum duff for pudding.
nsubj amod obj case obl punct root Grandma NOUN made VERB plum ADJ duff NOUN for ADP pudding NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 plum plum ADJ Degree=Pos 4 duff amod 4 duff duff NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 5 for for ADP _ 6 pudding case 6 pudding pudding NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Grandma plum duff for pudding vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent duff=Product for pudding=Asset
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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