dug Who acts: Dug, cat, I, dog, We, Archaeologists · What happens: be, make, move, mean, search, find · To what, where: past form, hole, ground, earth, something, claws · Speech: someone speaks here
«dug» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: dug in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Dug is the past form of dig: to make a hole in the ground or move earth with a spade, hands or paws.
The tree, 23 words nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct mark parataxis det obj case det nmod cc conj obj case det obl punct conj cc conj punct root Dug PROPN is AUX the DET past ADJ form NOUN of ADP dig NOUN : PUNCT to PART make VERB a DET hole NOUN in ADP the DET ground NOUN or CCONJ move VERB earth NOUN with ADP a DET spade NOUN , PUNCT hands NOUN or CCONJ paws NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dug Dug PROPN Number=Sing 5 form nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 form cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 form det 4 past past ADJ Degree=Pos 5 form amod 5 form form NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 dig case 7 dig dig NOUN Number=Sing 5 form nmod 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 make punct 9 to to PART _ 10 make mark 10 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 form parataxis 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 hole det 12 hole hole NOUN Number=Sing 10 make obj 13 in in ADP _ 15 ground case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 ground det 15 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 12 hole nmod 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 move cc 17 move move VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 10 make conj 18 earth earth NOUN Number=Sing 17 move obj 19 with with ADP _ 21 spade case 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 spade det 21 spade spade NOUN Number=Sing 17 move obl 22 , , PUNCT _ 23 hands punct 23 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 21 spade conj 24 or or CCONJ _ 25 paws cc 25 paws paw NOUN Number=Plur 21 spade conj 26 . . PUNCT _ 5 form punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Dug the past form of dig tree rules 2 make to-infinitive a hole the ground vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hole=Product 3 move infinitive earth with a spade and hands or paws vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent earth=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Dug can mean searched for and found.
nsubj aux xcomp obl cc conj punct root Dug NOUN can AUX mean VERB searched VERB for ADP and CCONJ found VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dug dug NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 searched search VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 mean xcomp 5 for for ADP _ 4 searched obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 found cc 7 found find VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 searched conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Dug vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 search not said to happen participle Dug not said here vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent 3 find participle Dug not said here vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
I dug out my old toys.
nsubj compound:prt nmod:poss amod obj punct root I PRON dug VERB out ADP my PRON old ADJ toys NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 dug nsubj 2 dug dig VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 out out ADP _ 2 dug compound:prt 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 toys nmod:poss 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 toys amod 6 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 2 dug obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 dug punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig out past I my old toys vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent toy=Theme
Meaning 3 Dug in means pushed something into something: the cat dug its claws in.
The tree, 13 words nsubj compound:prt ccomp obj case obl punct det nsubj conj nmod:poss obj advmod punct root Dug VERB in ADP means VERB pushed VERB something PRON into ADP something PRON : PUNCT the DET cat NOUN dug VERB its PRON claws NOUN in ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dug dig VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 means nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 1 Dug compound:prt 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 pushed push VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 means ccomp 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 pushed obj 6 into into ADP _ 7 something case 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 pushed obl 8 : : PUNCT _ 11 dug punct 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 cat det 10 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 11 dug nsubj 11 dug dig VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 means conj 12 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 claws nmod:poss 13 claws claw NOUN Number=Plur 11 dug obj 14 in in ADV _ 11 dug advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig in participle vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 push participle something something vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent something=Theme into something=Destination 4 dig past the cat cat's claws vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent claw=Theme
Example 1 The dog dug a hole in the garden.
det nsubj det obj case det nmod punct root The DET dog NOUN dug VERB a DET hole NOUN in ADP the DET garden NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dog det 2 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 dug nsubj 3 dug dig VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 hole det 5 hole hole NOUN Number=Sing 3 dug obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 garden case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 garden det 8 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 5 hole nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 dug punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig past the dog a hole the garden vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent hole=Theme in garden=Location
Example 2 We dug up potatoes from the vegetable patch.
nsubj compound:prt obj case det compound obl punct root We PRON dug VERB up ADP potatoes NOUN from ADP the DET vegetable NOUN patch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 dug nsubj 2 dug dig VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 dug compound:prt 4 potatoes potato NOUN Number=Plur 2 dug obj 5 from from ADP _ 8 patch case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 patch det 7 vegetable vegetable NOUN Number=Sing 8 patch compound 8 patch patch NOUN Number=Sing 2 dug obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 dug punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig up past We potatoes the vegetable patch vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent potato=Result from patch=Material
Example 3 Archaeologists dug up an old Viking sword.
nsubj compound:prt det amod compound obj punct root Archaeologists NOUN dug VERB up ADP an DET old ADJ Viking NOUN sword NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Archaeologists archaeologist NOUN Number=Plur 2 dug nsubj 2 dug dig VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 dug compound:prt 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 sword det 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sword amod 6 Viking viking NOUN Number=Sing 7 sword compound 7 sword sword NOUN Number=Sing 2 dug obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 dug punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig up participle Archaeologists a old Viking sword vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent sword=Theme
Example 4 I dug out my winter coat from the cupboard.
nsubj compound:prt nmod:poss compound obj case det obl punct root I PRON dug VERB out ADP my PRON winter NOUN coat NOUN from ADP the DET cupboard NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 dug nsubj 2 dug dig VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 out out ADP _ 2 dug compound:prt 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 coat nmod:poss 5 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 6 coat compound 6 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 2 dug obj 7 from from ADP _ 9 cupboard case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 cupboard det 9 cupboard cupboard NOUN Number=Sing 2 dug obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 dug punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig out past I my winter coat the cupboard vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent coat=Result from cupboard=Material
Example 5 The cat dug its claws into my leg.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET cat NOUN dug VERB its PRON claws NOUN into ADP my PRON leg NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cat det 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 3 dug nsubj 3 dug dig VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 claws nmod:poss 5 claws claw NOUN Number=Plur 3 dug obj 6 into into ADP _ 8 leg case 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 leg nmod:poss 8 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 3 dug obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 dug punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig past the cat cat's claws into my leg vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.patient»: agent=Agent claw=Instrument into leg=Patient
Example 6 The pirates dug for treasure on the island.
det nsubj case obl case det obl punct root The DET pirates NOUN dug VERB for ADP treasure NOUN on ADP the DET island NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pirates det 2 pirates pirate NOUN Number=Plur 3 dug nsubj 3 dug dig VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 for for ADP _ 5 treasure case 5 treasure treasure NOUN Number=Sing 3 dug obl 6 on on ADP _ 8 island case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 island det 8 island island NOUN Number=Sing 3 dug obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 dug punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig participle the pirates the island for treasure vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for treasure=Theme on island=Location
Example 7 Our class dug a pond for frogs.
nmod:poss nsubj det obj case obl punct root Our PRON class NOUN dug VERB a DET pond NOUN for ADP frogs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 class nmod:poss 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 dug nsubj 3 dug dig VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 pond det 5 pond pond NOUN Number=Sing 3 dug obj 6 for for ADP _ 7 frogs case 7 frogs frog NOUN Number=Plur 3 dug obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 dug punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig past Our class a pond for frogs vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent pond=Result for frog=Beneficiary
Example 8 They dug a little grave in the garden.
nsubj det amod obj case det obl punct root They PRON dug VERB a DET little ADJ grave NOUN in ADP the DET garden NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 dug nsubj 2 dug dig VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 grave det 4 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 5 grave amod 5 grave grave NOUN Number=Sing 2 dug obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 garden case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 garden det 8 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 2 dug obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 dug punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig past They a little grave the garden vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent grave=Theme in garden=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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