dugong Who acts: dugong, like tail, Dugongs, Sailors · What happens: be, graze, munch, live, breathe, protect · To what, where: large gentle sea mammal, seagrass, shallow water, seas, mammal, air
«dugong» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: dugong in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A dugong is a large, gentle sea mammal with a whale-like tail that grazes on seagrass in warm shallow seas, like a sea cow.
The tree, 25 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod compound case det compound punct amod nmod nsubj acl:relcl case obl case amod amod obl punct case det compound conj punct root A DET dugong NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ , PUNCT gentle ADJ sea NOUN mammal NOUN with ADP a DET whale NOUN - PUNCT like ADJ tail NOUN that PRON grazes VERB on ADP seagrass NOUN in ADP warm ADJ shallow ADJ seas NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET sea NOUN cow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 dugong det 2 dugong dugong NOUN Number=Sing 9 mammal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 mammal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 mammal det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 9 mammal amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 large punct 7 gentle gentle ADJ Degree=Pos 9 mammal amod 8 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 9 mammal compound 9 mammal mammal NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 with with ADP _ 15 tail case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 tail det 12 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing 14 like compound 13 - - PUNCT _ 12 whale punct 14 like like ADJ Degree=Pos 15 tail amod 15 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 9 mammal nmod 16 that that PRON PronType=Rel 17 grazes nsubj 17 grazes graze VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 tail acl:relcl 18 on on ADP _ 19 seagrass case 19 seagrass seagrass NOUN Number=Sing 17 grazes obl 20 in in ADP _ 23 seas case 21 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 23 seas amod 22 shallow shallow ADJ Degree=Pos 23 seas amod 23 seas sea NOUN Number=Plur 17 grazes obl 24 , , PUNCT _ 28 cow punct 25 like like ADP _ 28 cow case 26 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 28 cow det 27 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 28 cow compound 28 cow cow NOUN Number=Sing 23 seas conj 29 . . PUNCT _ 9 mammal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a dugong a large gentle sea mammal with a like tail tree rules 2 graze present a like tail in warm shallow seas and a sea cow; on seagrass vn dine-39.5 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on seagrass=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 The dugong munched seagrass in the shallow water.
det nsubj obj case det amod obl punct root The DET dugong NOUN munched VERB seagrass NOUN in ADP the DET shallow ADJ water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dugong det 2 dugong dugong NOUN Number=Sing 3 munched nsubj 3 munched munch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 seagrass seagrass NOUN Number=Sing 3 munched obj 5 in in ADP _ 8 water case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 water det 7 shallow shallow ADJ Degree=Pos 8 water amod 8 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 munched obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 munched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 munch past the dugong seagrass the shallow water vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seagrass=Patient
Example 2 Dugongs live in the seas around northern Australia.
nsubj case det obl case amod obl punct root Dugongs NOUN live VERB in ADP the DET seas NOUN around ADP northern ADJ Australia PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dugongs dugong NOUN Number=Plur 2 live nsubj 2 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 seas case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 seas det 5 seas sea NOUN Number=Plur 2 live obl 6 around around ADP _ 8 Australia case 7 northern northern ADJ Degree=Pos 8 Australia amod 8 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 2 live obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Dugongs the seas around northern Australia vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Location
Example 3 A dugong is a mammal, so it breathes air.
det nsubj cop det punct advmod nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root A DET dugong NOUN is AUX a DET mammal NOUN , PUNCT so ADV it PRON breathes VERB air NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 dugong det 2 dugong dugong NOUN Number=Sing 5 mammal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 mammal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 mammal det 5 mammal mammal NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 breathes punct 7 so so ADV _ 9 breathes advmod 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 breathes nsubj 9 breathes breathe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 mammal acl:relcl 10 air air NOUN Number=Sing 9 breathes obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 mammal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a dugong a mammal tree rules 2 breathe present dugong air vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme
Example 4 Dugongs are protected because they are endangered.
nsubj:pass aux:pass mark nsubj cop advcl punct root Dugongs NOUN are AUX protected VERB because SCONJ they PRON are AUX endangered ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dugongs dugong NOUN Number=Plur 3 protected nsubj:pass 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 protected aux:pass 3 protected protect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 because because SCONJ _ 7 endangered mark 5 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 endangered nsubj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 endangered cop 7 endangered endangered ADJ Degree=Pos 3 protected advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 protected punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 protect present · passive Dugongs vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary 2 is present Dugongs = dugong endangered property tree rules
Example 5 Sailors may have mistaken dugongs for mermaids.
nsubj aux aux obj case obl punct root Sailors NOUN may AUX have AUX mistaken VERB dugongs NOUN for ADP mermaids NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sailors sailor NOUN Number=Plur 4 mistaken nsubj 2 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mistaken aux 3 have have AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 mistaken aux 4 mistaken mistake VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 5 dugongs dugong NOUN Number=Plur 4 mistaken obj 6 for for ADP _ 7 mermaids case 7 mermaids mermaid NOUN Number=Plur 4 mistaken obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 mistaken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mistake may · perfect Sailors dugongs for mermaids tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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