durham
Who acts: Durham Cathedral, My, We, Durham, miners, Jevons · What happens: name, stand, study, drive, be, hold · To what, where: old breed, river, Durham University, County, city, North Carolina
«durham» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: durham in the school dictionary.
Meaning 1
A city in north-east England, famous for its very old cathedral and castle on a hill above the river Wear, and for its university.
The tree, 25 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 city | det |
| 2 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 England | case |
| 4 | north | north | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 east | compound |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 north | punct |
| 6 | east | east | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 England | amod |
| 7 | England | England | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 city | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 famous | punct |
| 9 | famous | famous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 city | conj |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 cathedral | case |
| 11 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 cathedral | nmod:poss |
| 12 | very | very | ADV | _ | 13 old | advmod |
| 13 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 cathedral | amod |
| 14 | cathedral | cathedral | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 famous | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 castle | cc |
| 16 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 cathedral | conj |
| 17 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 hill | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 hill | det |
| 19 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 castle | nmod |
| 20 | above | above | ADP | _ | 23 Wear | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Wear | det |
| 22 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 Wear | compound |
| 23 | Wear | Wear | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 hill | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 university | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 university | cc |
| 26 | for | for | ADP | _ | 28 university | case |
| 27 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 university | nmod:poss |
| 28 | university | university | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 cathedral | conj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 city | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 2
The county around it, County Durham.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 county | det |
| 2 | county | county | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | around | around | ADP | _ | 4 it | case |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 county | nmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 County | punct |
| 6 | County | County | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 county | appos |
| 7 | Durham | Durham | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 County | flat |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 county | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 3
A city in North Carolina, USA, and a region in Ontario, Canada.
The tree, 12 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 city | det |
| 2 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 Carolina | case |
| 4 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Carolina | compound |
| 5 | Carolina | Carolina | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 city | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 USA | punct |
| 7 | USA | USA | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Carolina | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 region | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 region | cc |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 region | det |
| 11 | region | region | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 city | appos |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 Ontario | case |
| 13 | Ontario | Ontario | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 region | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 Canada | punct |
| 15 | Canada | Canada | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Ontario | conj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 city | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 4
Usage: rare — kept apart, not parsed.
A surname, and the name of an old breed of shorthorn cattle.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 surname | det |
| 2 | surname | surname | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 name | punct |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 name | cc |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 name | det |
| 6 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 surname | appos |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 breed | case |
| 8 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 breed | det |
| 9 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 breed | amod |
| 10 | breed | breed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 name | nmod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 cattle | case |
| 12 | shorthorn | shorthorn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 cattle | compound |
| 13 | cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 breed | nmod |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 surname | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | name | a old breed of shorthorn cattle | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |
Example 1
Durham Cathedral stands high above the river.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Durham | Durham | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Cathedral | compound |
| 2 | Cathedral | Cathedral | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 stands | nsubj |
| 3 | stands | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | high | high | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 stands | advmod |
| 5 | above | above | ADP | _ | 7 river | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 river | det |
| 7 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 stands | obl |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 stands | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | present | Durham Cathedral | the river | high property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above river=Location |
Example 2
My cousin studies at Durham University.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 studies | nmod:poss |
| 2 | cousin | cousin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 studies | compound |
| 3 | studies | study | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 University | case |
| 5 | Durham | Durham | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 University | compound |
| 6 | University | University | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 studies | nmod |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 studies | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | study | My | Durham University | nom study «act transitive»: poss=agent at=place |
Example 3
We drove through County Durham on our way to Scotland.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 drove | nsubj |
| 2 | drove | drive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | through | through | ADP | _ | 4 County | case |
| 4 | County | County | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 drove | obl |
| 5 | Durham | Durham | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 County | flat |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 way | case |
| 7 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 way | nmod:poss |
| 8 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 drove | obl |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 Scotland | case |
| 10 | Scotland | Scotland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 way | nmod |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 drove | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drive | past | We | County | on our way to Scotland | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent through county=Trajectory |
Example 4
Durham is a city in North Carolina too.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Durham | Durham | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 city | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 city | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 city | det |
| 4 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 Carolina | case |
| 6 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Carolina | compound |
| 7 | Carolina | Carolina | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 city | nmod |
| 8 | too | too | ADV | _ | 4 city | advmod |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 city | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Durham | a city | North Carolina | tree rules |
Example 5
The miners of County Durham held a big gala every summer.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 miners | det |
| 2 | miners | miner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 held | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 County | case |
| 4 | County | County | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 miners | nmod |
| 5 | Durham | Durham | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 County | flat |
| 6 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 gala | det |
| 8 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 gala | amod |
| 9 | gala | gala | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 held | obj |
| 10 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 summer | det |
| 11 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 held | obl:unmarked |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 held | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | past | the miners of County | a big gala | summer | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gala=Theme |
Example 6
Jevons has heard it in the neighbourhood of Durham; while a further version appeared in Monthly Chronicle of North Country Folk-Lore.
The tree, 22 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jevons | Jevons | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 heard | aux |
| 3 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 heard | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 neighbourhood | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 neighbourhood | det |
| 7 | neighbourhood | neighbourhood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 heard | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 Durham | case |
| 9 | Durham | Durham | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 neighbourhood | nmod |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 appeared | punct |
| 11 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 15 appeared | mark |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 version | det |
| 13 | further | further | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 version | amod |
| 14 | version | version | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 appeared | nsubj |
| 15 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 heard | parataxis |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 Chronicle | case |
| 17 | Monthly | Monthly | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Chronicle | compound |
| 18 | Chronicle | Chronicle | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 appeared | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 Country | case |
| 20 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Country | compound |
| 21 | Country | Country | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Chronicle | nmod |
| 22 | Folk | Folk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Country | flat |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 24 Lore | punct |
| 24 | Lore | Lore | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Folk | conj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 heard | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | present · perfect | Jevons | it | the neighbourhood of Durham | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | appear | past | a further version | Monthly Chronicle of North Country | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in chronicle=Location |
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/durham/