durian Who acts: durian, It, people, many, its, we · What happens: be, love, find, smell, cover, open · To what, where: big spiky tropical fruit, Southeast Asia, durian, windows, signs, Singapore · Speech: someone speaks here
«durian» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: durian in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A durian is a big, spiky tropical fruit from Southeast Asia with soft, creamy flesh inside.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod amod case compound nmod case amod punct amod obl advmod punct root A DET durian NOUN is AUX a DET big ADJ , PUNCT spiky ADJ tropical ADJ fruit NOUN from ADP Southeast PROPN Asia PROPN with ADP soft ADJ , PUNCT creamy ADJ flesh NOUN inside ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 durian det 2 durian durian NOUN Number=Sing 9 fruit nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 fruit cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 fruit det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 9 fruit amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 big punct 7 spiky spiky ADJ Degree=Pos 9 fruit amod 8 tropical tropical ADJ Degree=Pos 9 fruit amod 9 fruit fruit NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 from from ADP _ 12 Asia case 11 Southeast Southeast PROPN Number=Sing 12 Asia compound 12 Asia Asia PROPN Number=Sing 9 fruit nmod 13 with with ADP _ 17 flesh case 14 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 17 flesh amod 15 , , PUNCT _ 14 soft punct 16 creamy creamy ADJ Degree=Pos 17 flesh amod 17 flesh flesh NOUN Number=Sing 9 fruit obl 18 inside inside ADV _ 17 flesh advmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 9 fruit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a durian a big spiky tropical fruit Southeast Asia with soft creamy flesh tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It is famous for its very strong smell, which some people love and many find awful.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop case nmod:poss advmod amod obl punct obj det nsubj parataxis cc nsubj conj xcomp punct root It PRON is AUX famous ADJ for ADP its PRON very ADV strong ADJ smell NOUN , PUNCT which PRON some DET people NOUN love VERB and CCONJ many ADJ find VERB awful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 famous nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 famous cop 3 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 for for ADP _ 8 smell case 5 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 smell nmod:poss 6 very very ADV _ 7 strong advmod 7 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 8 smell amod 8 smell smell NOUN Number=Sing 3 famous obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 love punct 10 which which PRON PronType=Rel 13 love obj 11 some some DET PronType=Ind 12 people det 12 people people NOUN Number=Plur 13 love nsubj 13 love love VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 famous parataxis 14 and and CCONJ _ 16 find cc 15 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 16 find nsubj 16 find find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 love conj 17 awful awful ADJ Degree=Pos 16 find xcomp 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 famous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It for its strong smell; famous property tree rules 2 love present some people vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus 3 find present many awful property vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent 4 smell its = it nom smell «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 A durian is covered in sharp spikes.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod obl punct root A DET durian NOUN is AUX covered VERB in ADP sharp ADJ spikes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 durian det 2 durian durian NOUN Number=Sing 4 covered nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 covered aux:pass 4 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 spikes case 6 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 7 spikes amod 7 spikes spike NOUN Number=Plur 4 covered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover present · passive a durian in sharp spikes vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in spike=Theme
Example 2 The durian smelled so strong we opened the windows.
det nsubj advmod xcomp nsubj parataxis det obj punct root The DET durian NOUN smelled VERB so ADV strong ADJ we PRON opened VERB the DET windows NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 durian det 2 durian durian NOUN Number=Sing 3 smelled nsubj 3 smelled smell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 so so ADV _ 5 strong advmod 5 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 3 smelled xcomp 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 opened nsubj 7 opened open VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 smelled parataxis 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 windows det 9 windows window NOUN Number=Plur 7 opened obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 smelled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 smell past the durian strong property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 open past we the windows vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location window=Theme
Example 3 In Singapore some trains have signs saying no durians.
case obl det nsubj obj acl det obj punct root In ADP Singapore PROPN some DET trains NOUN have VERB signs NOUN saying VERB no DET durians NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Singapore case 2 Singapore Singapore PROPN Number=Sing 5 have obl 3 some some DET PronType=Ind 4 trains det 4 trains train NOUN Number=Plur 5 have nsubj 5 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 signs sign NOUN Number=Plur 5 have obj 7 saying say VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 signs acl 8 no no DET PronType=Neg 9 durians det 9 durians durian NOUN Number=Plur 7 saying obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present some trains signs Singapore vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Patient 2 say speech: assert gerund signs not said here no durians vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent durian=Topic
Example 4 People call the durian the king of fruits.
nsubj det obj det xcomp case nmod punct root People NOUN call VERB the DET durian NOUN the DET king NOUN of ADP fruits NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 2 call nsubj 2 call call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 durian det 4 durian durian NOUN Number=Sing 2 call obj 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 king det 6 king king NOUN Number=Sing 2 call xcomp 7 of of ADP _ 8 fruits case 8 fruits fruit NOUN Number=Plur 6 king nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 call punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present People the durian vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent durian=Recipient
Example 5 My friend from Malaysia loves durian ice cream.
nmod:poss nsubj case nmod amod compound obj punct root My PRON friend NOUN from ADP Malaysia PROPN loves VERB durian ADJ ice NOUN cream NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 friend nmod:poss 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 5 loves nsubj 3 from from ADP _ 4 Malaysia case 4 Malaysia Malaysia PROPN Number=Sing 2 friend nmod 5 loves love VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 durian durian ADJ Degree=Pos 8 cream amod 7 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 8 cream compound 8 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 5 loves obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 loves punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 love present My friend from Malaysia durian ice cream vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cream=Stimulus
Example 6 Carry a durian carefully, the spikes can hurt.
det obj advmod punct det nsubj aux conj punct root Carry VERB a DET durian NOUN carefully ADV , PUNCT the DET spikes NOUN can AUX hurt VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Carry carry VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 durian det 3 durian durian NOUN Number=Sing 1 Carry obj 4 carefully carefully ADV _ 1 Carry advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 hurt punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 spikes det 7 spikes spike NOUN Number=Plur 9 hurt nsubj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 hurt aux 9 hurt hurt VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Carry conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Carry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry imperative you not said here a durian carefully property vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent durian=Theme 2 hurt can the spikes vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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