dust Who acts: Dust, fibres, you, me, We, car · What happens: be, float, settle, mean, wipe off, dust · To what, where: tiny bits, air, dust, fine powder, something, cake · Speech: someone speaks here
«dust» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: dust in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Dust is very tiny bits of dirt, skin, hair and fibres that float in the air and settle on things.
The tree, 20 words nsubj cop advmod amod case nmod punct conj punct conj cc conj nsubj acl:relcl case det obl cc conj case obl punct root Dust NOUN is AUX very ADV tiny ADJ bits NOUN of ADP dirt NOUN , PUNCT skin NOUN , PUNCT hair NOUN and CCONJ fibres NOUN that PRON float VERB in ADP the DET air NOUN and CCONJ settle VERB on ADP things NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 5 bits nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bits cop 3 very very ADV _ 4 tiny advmod 4 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 5 bits amod 5 bits bit NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 dirt case 7 dirt dirt NOUN Number=Sing 5 bits nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 skin punct 9 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 7 dirt conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 hair punct 11 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 7 dirt conj 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 fibres cc 13 fibres fibre NOUN Number=Plur 11 hair conj 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 15 float nsubj 15 float float VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 fibres acl:relcl 16 in in ADP _ 18 air case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 air det 18 air air NOUN Number=Sing 15 float obl 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 settle cc 20 settle settle VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 float conj 21 on on ADP _ 22 things case 22 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 20 settle obl 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 bits punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Dust tiny bits of dirt and skin and hair and fibres tree rules 2 float present fibres the air vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Trajectory 3 settle infinitive fibres not said here on things vn correspond-36.1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent on thing=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To dust means to wipe dust off furniture with a cloth.
mark nsubj mark xcomp obj compound:prt obj case det obl punct root To PART dust NOUN means VERB to PART wipe VERB dust NOUN off ADP furniture NOUN with ADP a DET cloth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 dust mark 2 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 wipe mark 5 wipe wipe VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 5 wipe obj 7 off off ADP _ 5 wipe compound:prt 8 furniture furniture NOUN Number=Sing 5 wipe obj 9 with with ADP _ 11 cloth case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 cloth det 11 cloth cloth NOUN Number=Sing 5 wipe obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present dust vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 wipe off not said to happen to-infinitive dust not said here dust with a cloth vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent dust=Theme furniture=Destination
Meaning 3 To dust also means to sprinkle a fine powder on something, like dusting a cake with sugar.
The tree, 17 words mark csubj advmod mark xcomp det amod obj case obl punct mark advcl det obj case obl punct root To PART dust VERB also ADV means VERB to PART sprinkle VERB a DET fine ADJ powder NOUN on ADP something PRON , PUNCT like SCONJ dusting VERB a DET cake NOUN with ADP sugar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 dust mark 2 dust dust VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 also also ADV _ 2 dust advmod 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 sprinkle mark 6 sprinkle sprinkle VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 powder det 8 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 9 powder amod 9 powder powder NOUN Number=Sing 6 sprinkle obj 10 on on ADP _ 11 something case 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 sprinkle obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 dusting punct 13 like like SCONJ _ 14 dusting mark 14 dusting dust VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 sprinkle advcl 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 cake det 16 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 14 dusting obj 17 with with ADP _ 18 sugar case 18 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 14 dusting obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dust to-infinitive vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 sprinkle not said to happen to-infinitive a fine powder something vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent powder=Theme on something=Destination 4 dust gerund a cake with sugar vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent cake=Destination with sugar=Theme
Meaning 4 Dust is fine dry soil or powder, like the dust on a dirt road.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop amod amod cc conj punct case det conj case det compound nmod punct root Dust NOUN is AUX fine ADJ dry ADJ soil NOUN or CCONJ powder NOUN , PUNCT like ADP the DET dust NOUN on ADP a DET dirt NOUN road NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 5 soil nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 soil cop 3 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 5 soil amod 4 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 5 soil amod 5 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 powder cc 7 powder powder NOUN Number=Sing 5 soil conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 dust punct 9 like like ADP _ 11 dust case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 dust det 11 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 5 soil conj 12 on on ADP _ 15 road case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 road det 14 dirt dirt NOUN Number=Sing 15 road compound 15 road road NOUN Number=Sing 11 dust nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 soil punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Dust fine dry soil or powder and the dust on a dirt road tree rules
Meaning 5 To raise a dust means to cause a commotion or fuss.
mark csubj det obj mark xcomp det obj cc conj punct root To PART raise VERB a DET dust NOUN means VERB to PART cause VERB a DET commotion NOUN or CCONJ fuss NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 raise mark 2 raise raise VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means csubj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 dust det 4 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 2 raise obj 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 7 cause mark 7 cause cause VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means xcomp 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 commotion det 9 commotion commotion NOUN Number=Sing 7 cause obj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 fuss cc 11 fuss fuss NOUN Number=Sing 9 commotion conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 raise to-infinitive a dust vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dust=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 cause not said to happen to-infinitive a commotion or fuss vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition commotion=Patient
Example 1 The shelves were covered in dust.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root The DET shelves NOUN were AUX covered VERB in ADP dust NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shelves det 2 shelves shelf NOUN Number=Plur 4 covered nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 covered aux:pass 4 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 in in ADP _ 6 dust case 6 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 4 covered obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover past · passive the shelves in dust vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in dust=Theme
Example 2 Can you dust the bookcase, please?
aux nsubj det obj punct discourse punct root Can AUX you PRON dust VERB the DET bookcase NOUN , PUNCT please INTJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 dust aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 dust nsubj 3 dust dust VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 bookcase det 5 bookcase bookcase NOUN Number=Sing 3 dust obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 dust punct 7 please please INTJ _ 3 dust discourse 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 dust punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dust can you the bookcase vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent bookcase=Theme
Example 3 Dust makes me sneeze.
nsubj obj xcomp punct root Dust NOUN makes VERB me PRON sneeze VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes nsubj 2 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 makes obj 4 sneeze sneeze VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 makes xcomp 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Dust me tree rules 2 sneeze infinitive me not said here vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 We saw dust floating in the sunbeam.
nsubj obj acl case det obl punct root We PRON saw VERB dust NOUN floating VERB in ADP the DET sunbeam NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 4 floating float VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 dust acl 5 in in ADP _ 7 sunbeam case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sunbeam det 7 sunbeam sunbeam NOUN Number=Sing 4 floating obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We dust vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer dust=Stimulus 2 float gerund dust not said here the sunbeam vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sunbeam=Trajectory
Example 5 The car left a cloud of dust on the dirt road.
det nsubj det obj case nmod case det compound obl punct root The DET car NOUN left VERB a DET cloud NOUN of ADP dust NOUN on ADP the DET dirt NOUN road NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 car det 2 car car NOUN Number=Sing 3 left nsubj 3 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 cloud det 5 cloud cloud NOUN Number=Sing 3 left obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 dust case 7 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 5 cloud nmod 8 on on ADP _ 11 road case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 road det 10 dirt dirt NOUN Number=Sing 11 road compound 11 road road NOUN Number=Sing 3 left obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave past the car a cloud of dust the dirt road vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cloud=Theme on road=Location 2 cloud dust nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient
Example 6 Dust the cake with icing sugar.
compound det case compound nmod punct root Dust NOUN the DET cake NOUN with ADP icing NOUN sugar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 3 cake compound 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 cake det 3 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 with with ADP _ 6 sugar case 5 icing icing NOUN Number=Sing 6 sugar compound 6 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 3 cake nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 cake punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 7 Sweep the dust into the dustpan.
det obj case det obl punct root Sweep VERB the DET dust NOUN into ADP the DET dustpan NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sweep sweep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 dust det 3 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 1 Sweep obj 4 into into ADP _ 6 dustpan case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 dustpan det 6 dustpan dustpan NOUN Number=Sing 1 Sweep obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Sweep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sweep imperative you not said here the dust the dustpan vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent dust=Theme into dustpan=Destination
Example 8 My old bike sat gathering dust in the shed.
nmod:poss amod nsubj xcomp obj case det obl punct root My PRON old ADJ bike NOUN sat VERB gathering VERB dust NOUN in ADP the DET shed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 bike nmod:poss 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bike amod 3 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 4 sat nsubj 4 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 gathering gather VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 sat xcomp 6 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 5 gathering obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 shed case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 shed det 9 shed shed NOUN Number=Sing 5 gathering obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past My old bike tree rules 2 gather gerund My old bike not said here dust the shed vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dust=Theme
Example 9 “There is a dust,” he said.
punct expl ccomp det nsubj punct punct nsubj punct root “ PUNCT There PRON is VERB a DET dust NOUN , PUNCT ” PUNCT he PRON said VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 3 is punct 2 There there PRON PronType=Dem 3 is expl 3 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 said ccomp 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 dust det 5 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 3 is nsubj 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 is punct 7 ” " PUNCT _ 3 is punct 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 said nsubj 9 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be in a quote present a dust there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 say speech: assert past dust vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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