duty Who acts: Something, it, rules, Work, duty, Mrs · What happens: do, be, say, pay, bring in, mean · To what, where: job, part, tax, goods, things, country · Speech: someone speaks here
«duty» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: duty in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Something you must do because it is right, because it is your job or because the rules or the law say so.
The tree, 22 words nsubj nsubj aux mark nsubj cop ccomp punct mark nsubj cop nmod:poss parataxis cc mark det nsubj cc det conj conj advmod punct root Something PRON you PRON must AUX do VERB because SCONJ it PRON is AUX right ADJ , PUNCT because SCONJ it PRON is AUX your PRON job NOUN or CCONJ because SCONJ the DET rules NOUN or CCONJ the DET law NOUN say VERB so ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 do nsubj 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 do nsubj 3 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 do aux 4 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 because because SCONJ _ 8 right mark 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 right nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 right cop 8 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 4 do ccomp 9 , , PUNCT _ 14 job punct 10 because because SCONJ _ 14 job mark 11 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 job nsubj 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 job cop 13 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 job nmod:poss 14 job job NOUN Number=Sing 8 right parataxis 15 or or CCONJ _ 22 say cc 16 because because SCONJ _ 22 say mark 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 rules det 18 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 22 say nsubj 19 or or CCONJ _ 21 law cc 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 law det 21 law law NOUN Number=Sing 18 rules conj 22 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 job conj 23 so so ADV _ 22 say advmod 24 . . PUNCT _ 4 do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do must Something vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present it right property tree rules 3 is a present it your job tree rules 4 say speech: assert present the rules or the law vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Work that is part of a job, as in a teacher on playground duty.
The tree, 14 words nsubj nsubj cop case det nmod punct case case det conj case compound nmod punct root Work NOUN that PRON is AUX part NOUN of ADP a DET job NOUN , PUNCT as ADP in ADP a DET teacher NOUN on ADP playground NOUN duty NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Work work NOUN Number=Sing 4 part nsubj 2 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 part cop 4 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 job case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 job det 7 job job NOUN Number=Sing 4 part nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 teacher punct 9 as as ADP _ 12 teacher case 10 in in ADP _ 12 teacher case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 teacher det 12 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 part conj 13 on on ADP _ 15 duty case 14 playground playground NOUN Number=Sing 15 duty compound 15 duty duty NOUN Number=Sing 12 teacher nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Work part and a teacher on playground duty of a job tree rules
Meaning 3 A tax paid on some goods, especially things brought in from another country.
The tree, 13 words det acl case det obl punct advmod conj acl advmod case det obl punct root A DET tax NOUN paid VERB on ADP some DET goods NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV things NOUN brought VERB in ADV from ADP another DET country NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 tax det 2 tax tax NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 paid pay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 tax acl 4 on on ADP _ 6 goods case 5 some some DET PronType=Ind 6 goods det 6 goods goods NOUN Number=Ptan 3 paid obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 things punct 8 especially especially ADV _ 9 things advmod 9 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 6 goods conj 10 brought bring VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 things acl 11 in in ADV _ 10 brought advmod 12 from from ADP _ 14 country case 13 another another DET PronType=Ind 14 country det 14 country country NOUN Number=Sing 10 brought obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 tax punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pay participle a tax not said here some goods and things vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 bring in participle things not said here another country vn earn-54.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 "On duty" means working right now; "off duty" means not working.
The tree, 11 words punct case nsubj punct xcomp advmod advmod punct punct case nsubj punct parataxis advmod ccomp punct root " PUNCT On ADP duty NOUN " PUNCT means VERB working VERB right ADV now ADV ; PUNCT " PUNCT off ADP duty NOUN " PUNCT means VERB not PART working VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 duty punct 2 On on ADP _ 3 duty case 3 duty duty NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 duty punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 working work VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 means xcomp 7 right right ADV _ 8 now advmod 8 now now ADV PronType=Dem 6 working advmod 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 14 means punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 12 duty punct 11 off off ADP _ 12 duty case 12 duty duty NOUN Number=Sing 14 means nsubj 13 " " PUNCT _ 12 duty punct 14 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 means parataxis 15 not not PART Polarity=Neg 16 working advmod 16 working work VERB VerbForm=Ger 14 means ccomp 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present duty vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 work not said to happen gerund duty not said here now vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 mean present duty vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 not work gerund vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Mrs Patel is on playground duty today.
nsubj flat cop case compound obl:unmarked punct root Mrs PROPN Patel PROPN is AUX on ADP playground NOUN duty NOUN today NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mrs Mrs PROPN Number=Sing 6 duty nsubj 2 Patel Patel PROPN Number=Sing 1 Mrs flat 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 duty cop 4 on on ADP _ 6 duty case 5 playground playground NOUN Number=Sing 6 duty compound 6 duty duty NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 today today NOUN Number=Sing 6 duty obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 duty punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Mrs playground duty today tree rules
Example 2 It is my duty to feed the goldfish.
nsubj cop nmod:poss mark acl det obj punct root It PRON is AUX my PRON duty NOUN to PART feed VERB the DET goldfish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 duty nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 duty cop 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 duty nmod:poss 4 duty duty NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 to to PART _ 6 feed mark 6 feed feed VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 duty acl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 goldfish det 8 goldfish goldfish NOUN Number=Sing 6 feed obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 duty punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It my duty tree rules 2 feed to-infinitive the goldfish vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goldfish=Recipient
Example 3 The nurse came off duty at seven o'clock.
det nsubj compound:prt nsubj case nummod obl punct root The DET nurse NOUN came VERB off ADP duty NOUN at ADP seven NUM o'clock NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 nurse det 2 nurse nurse NOUN Number=Sing 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 off off ADP _ 3 came compound:prt 5 duty duty NOUN Number=Sing 3 came nsubj 6 at at ADP _ 8 o'clock case 7 seven seven NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 o'clock nummod 8 o'clock o'clock NOUN Number=Sing 3 came obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come off past the nurse seven o'clock vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at o'clock=Location
Example 4 Firefighters do their duty bravely.
nsubj nmod:poss obj advmod punct root Firefighters NOUN do VERB their PRON duty NOUN bravely ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Firefighters firefighter NOUN Number=Plur 2 do nsubj 2 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 duty nmod:poss 4 duty duty NOUN Number=Sing 2 do obj 5 bravely bravely ADV _ 2 do advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do present Firefighters Firefighters's duty bravely property vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent duty=Eventuality
Example 5 My duties as class monitor include handing out books.
nmod:poss nsubj case compound nmod xcomp compound:prt obj punct root My PRON duties NOUN as ADP class NOUN monitor NOUN include VERB handing VERB out ADP books NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 duties nmod:poss 2 duties duty NOUN Number=Plur 6 include nsubj 3 as as ADP _ 5 monitor case 4 class class NOUN Number=Sing 5 monitor compound 5 monitor monitor NOUN Number=Sing 2 duties nmod 6 include include VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 handing hand VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 include xcomp 8 out out ADP _ 7 handing compound:prt 9 books book NOUN Number=Plur 7 handing obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 include punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 include present My duties as class monitor tree rules 2 hand out gerund My duties as class monitor not said here books vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent book=Theme
Example 6 We have a duty to look after the planet.
nsubj det obj mark acl case det obl punct root We PRON have VERB a DET duty NOUN to PART look VERB after ADP the DET planet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 duty det 4 duty duty NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 5 to to PART _ 6 look mark 6 look look VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 duty acl 7 after after ADP _ 9 planet case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 planet det 9 planet planet NOUN Number=Sing 6 look obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present We a duty vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent duty=Patient 2 look to-infinitive We not said here a duty not said here after the planet vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 7 This bag is heavy-duty, so it won't tear.
det nsubj cop amod punct punct advmod nsubj aux advmod conj punct root This DET bag NOUN is AUX heavy ADJ - PUNCT duty NOUN , PUNCT so ADV it PRON wo AUX n't PART tear VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 bag det 2 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 6 duty nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 duty cop 4 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 duty amod 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 heavy punct 6 duty duty NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 tear punct 8 so so ADV _ 12 tear advmod 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 tear nsubj 10 wo will AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 tear aux 11 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 12 tear advmod 12 tear tear VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 duty conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 duty punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present this bag heavy duty tree rules 2 not tear future bag vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 Dad bought chocolate at the duty-free shop at the airport.
nsubj obj case det compound punct amod obl case det obl punct root Dad NOUN bought VERB chocolate NOUN at ADP the DET duty NOUN - PUNCT free ADJ shop NOUN at ADP the DET airport NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 bought nsubj 2 bought buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 2 bought obj 4 at at ADP _ 9 shop case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 shop det 6 duty duty NOUN Number=Sing 8 free compound 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 duty punct 8 free free ADJ Degree=Pos 9 shop amod 9 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 2 bought obl 10 at at ADP _ 12 airport case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 airport det 12 airport airport NOUN Number=Sing 2 bought obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 bought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy past Dad chocolate the free shop at the airport vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent chocolate=Theme at shop=Asset
Example 9 Youth’s first duty is reverence to parents.
nmod:poss case amod nsubj cop case nmod punct root Youth NOUN ’s PART first ADJ duty NOUN is AUX reverence NOUN to ADP parents NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Youth youth NOUN Number=Sing 4 duty nmod:poss 2 ’s 's PART _ 1 Youth case 3 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 4 duty amod 4 duty duty NOUN Number=Sing 6 reverence nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 reverence cop 6 reverence reverence NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 to to ADP _ 8 parents case 8 parents parent NOUN Number=Plur 6 reverence nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 reverence punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Youth's first duty reverence to parents tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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