eardrum Who acts: ear, sound, we, eardrum, you, loud music · What happens: shake, reach, hear, make, vibrate, be · To what, where: vibrates, ear, eardrum, drum, anything, hearing
«eardrum» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: eardrum in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A thin, tight piece of skin inside the ear that shakes (vibrates) when sound reaches it, so that we can hear.
The tree, 21 words det amod punct amod case nmod case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl punct obj punct advmod nsubj advcl obj punct mark fixed nsubj aux conj punct root A DET thin ADJ , PUNCT tight ADJ piece NOUN of ADP skin NOUN inside ADP the DET ear NOUN that PRON shakes VERB ( PUNCT vibrates NOUN ) PUNCT when ADV sound NOUN reaches VERB it PRON , PUNCT so SCONJ that SCONJ we PRON can AUX hear VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 piece det 2 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 5 piece amod 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 thin punct 4 tight tight ADJ Degree=Pos 5 piece amod 5 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 skin case 7 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 5 piece nmod 8 inside inside ADP _ 10 ear case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 ear det 10 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 7 skin nmod 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 shakes nsubj 12 shakes shake VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 ear acl:relcl 13 ( ( PUNCT _ 14 vibrates punct 14 vibrates vibrate NOUN Number=Plur 12 shakes obj 15 ) ) PUNCT _ 14 vibrates punct 16 when when ADV PronType=Int 18 reaches advmod 17 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 18 reaches nsubj 18 reaches reach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 shakes advcl 19 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 reaches obj 20 , , PUNCT _ 25 hear punct 21 so so SCONJ ExtPos=SCONJ 25 hear mark 22 that that SCONJ _ 21 so fixed 23 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 25 hear nsubj 24 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 25 hear aux 25 hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf 18 reaches conj 26 . . PUNCT _ 5 piece punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shake present the ear vibrates vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent vibrate=Patient 2 reach present sound ear vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent it=Theme 3 hear can we vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Sound makes your eardrum vibrate.
nsubj nmod:poss obj xcomp punct root Sound NOUN makes VERB your PRON eardrum NOUN vibrate VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes nsubj 2 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 eardrum nmod:poss 4 eardrum eardrum NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes obj 5 vibrate vibrate VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 makes xcomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Sound your eardrum tree rules 2 vibrate infinitive your eardrum not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 2 The eardrum is like the skin on a drum.
det nsubj cop case det case det nmod punct root The DET eardrum NOUN is AUX like ADP the DET skin NOUN on ADP a DET drum NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 eardrum det 2 eardrum eardrum NOUN Number=Sing 6 skin nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 skin cop 4 like like ADP _ 6 skin case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 skin det 6 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 on on ADP _ 9 drum case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 drum det 9 drum drum NOUN Number=Sing 6 skin nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 skin punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the eardrum a drum like the skin tree rules
Example 3 Never poke anything into your ear — you could hurt your eardrum.
advmod obj case nmod:poss obl punct nsubj aux conj nmod:poss obj punct root Never ADV poke VERB anything PRON into ADP your PRON ear NOUN — PUNCT you PRON could AUX hurt VERB your PRON eardrum NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 poke advmod 2 poke poke VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 poke obj 4 into into ADP _ 6 ear case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 ear nmod:poss 6 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 2 poke obl 7 — - PUNCT _ 10 hurt punct 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 hurt nsubj 9 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 hurt aux 10 hurt hurt VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 poke conj 11 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 eardrum nmod:poss 12 eardrum eardrum NOUN Number=Sing 10 hurt obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 poke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not poke imperative you not said here anything into your ear vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.patient»: agent=Agent anything=Instrument into ear=Patient 2 hurt could you your eardrum vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer eardrum=Patient
Example 4 Very loud music can damage your hearing.
advmod amod nsubj aux nmod:poss obj punct root Very ADV loud ADJ music NOUN can AUX damage VERB your PRON hearing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Very very ADV _ 2 loud advmod 2 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 3 music amod 3 music music NOUN Number=Sing 5 damage nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 damage aux 5 damage damage VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 hearing nmod:poss 7 hearing hearing NOUN Number=Sing 5 damage obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 damage punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 damage can loud music your hearing vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hearing=Patient 2 hear your nom hearing «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 Her eardrum burst when she had a bad ear infection.
nmod:poss nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp det amod compound obj punct root Her PRON eardrum NOUN burst VERB when ADV she PRON had VERB a DET bad ADJ ear NOUN infection NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 eardrum nmod:poss 2 eardrum eardrum NOUN Number=Sing 3 burst nsubj 3 burst burst VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 had advmod 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 had nsubj 6 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 burst ccomp 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 infection det 8 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 10 infection amod 9 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 10 infection compound 10 infection infection NOUN Number=Sing 6 had obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 burst punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 burst past Her eardrum tree rules 2 have past eardrum a bad ear infection vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent infection=Patient
Example 6 When a plane lands, the eardrums can feel pressure; swallowing helps.
advmod det nsubj advcl punct det nsubj aux obj punct nsubj ccomp punct root When ADV a DET plane NOUN lands VERB , PUNCT the DET eardrums NOUN can AUX feel VERB pressure NOUN ; PUNCT swallowing VERB helps VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 4 lands advmod 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 plane det 3 plane plane NOUN Number=Sing 4 lands nsubj 4 lands land VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 feel advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 lands punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 eardrums det 7 eardrums eardrum NOUN Number=Plur 9 feel nsubj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 feel aux 9 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 10 pressure pressure NOUN Number=Sing 9 feel obj 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 swallowing punct 12 swallowing swallow VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 helps nsubj 13 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 feel ccomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 9 feel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 land present a plane vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 feel can the eardrums pressure tree rules 3 swallow gerund vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 help present vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
Example 7 The eardrum passes vibrations to three tiny bones.
det nsubj obj case nummod amod obl punct root The DET eardrum NOUN passes VERB vibrations NOUN to ADP three NUM tiny ADJ bones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 eardrum det 2 eardrum eardrum NOUN Number=Sing 3 passes nsubj 3 passes pass VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 vibrations vibration NOUN Number=Plur 3 passes obj 5 to to ADP _ 8 bones case 6 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 bones nummod 7 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 8 bones amod 8 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 3 passes obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 passes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pass present the eardrum vibrations three tiny bones vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent vibration=Theme to bone=Recipient
Example 8 Wear ear defenders near very loud machines.
compound obj case advmod amod obl punct root Wear VERB ear NOUN defenders NOUN near ADP very ADV loud ADJ machines NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wear wear VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 3 defenders compound 3 defenders defender NOUN Number=Plur 1 Wear obj 4 near near ADP _ 7 machines case 5 very very ADV _ 6 loud advmod 6 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 7 machines amod 7 machines machine NOUN Number=Plur 1 Wear obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear imperative you not said here ear defenders loud machines vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent defender=Source
Example 9 But at this the Carl burst into a roar of laughter, so that the eardrums of the warriors present almost burst inside of their heads.
The tree, 25 words cc case nsubj det obl case det obl case nmod punct mark mark det nsubj:pass case det nmod aux advmod conj case case nmod:poss obl punct root But CCONJ at ADP this PRON the DET Carl PROPN burst VERB into ADP a DET roar NOUN of ADP laughter NOUN , PUNCT so SCONJ that SCONJ the DET eardrums NOUN of ADP the DET warriors NOUN present VERB almost ADV burst VERB inside ADP of ADP their PRON heads NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 6 burst cc 2 at at ADP _ 5 Carl case 3 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 Carl nsubj 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Carl det 5 Carl Carl PROPN Number=Sing 6 burst obl 6 burst burst VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 into into ADP _ 9 roar case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 roar det 9 roar roar NOUN Number=Sing 6 burst obl 10 of of ADP _ 11 laughter case 11 laughter laughter NOUN Number=Sing 9 roar nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 22 burst punct 13 so so SCONJ _ 22 burst mark 14 that that SCONJ _ 22 burst mark 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 eardrums det 16 eardrums eardrum NOUN Number=Plur 22 burst nsubj:pass 17 of of ADP _ 19 warriors case 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 warriors det 19 warriors warrior NOUN Number=Plur 16 eardrums nmod 20 present present VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 burst aux 21 almost almost ADV _ 22 burst advmod 22 burst burst VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 burst conj 23 inside inside ADP _ 26 heads case 24 of of ADP _ 26 heads case 25 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 26 heads nmod:poss 26 heads head NOUN Number=Plur 22 burst obl 27 . . PUNCT _ 6 burst punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 burst past the Carl into a roar of laughter vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at carl=Location 2 burst present · passive the eardrums of the warriors eardrums's heads almost property vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme 3 roar laughter nom roar «event intransitive»: of=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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