earlier Who acts: adjective, I, We, bus, timetable, you · What happens: mean, come, see, go, leave, say · To what, where: dog, bed, homework, 7:00, 6:00 · Speech: someone speaks here
«earlier» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: earlier in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Earlier means at a time before now or before another time.
advmod case det obl case obl cc case det conj punct root Earlier ADV means VERB at ADP a DET time NOUN before ADP now ADV or CCONJ before ADP another DET time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Earlier early ADV Degree=Cmp 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 5 time case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 time det 5 time time NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 6 before before ADP _ 7 now case 7 now now ADV PronType=Dem 2 means obl 8 or or CCONJ _ 11 time cc 9 before before ADP _ 11 time case 10 another another DET PronType=Ind 11 time det 11 time time NOUN Number=Sing 7 now conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present time early property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 More early: sooner than usual or sooner than something else.
advmod advmod punct case obl cc conj case obl advmod punct root More ADJ early ADV : PUNCT sooner ADV than ADP usual ADJ or CCONJ sooner ADV than ADP something PRON else ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 More more ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 sooner advmod 2 early early ADV Degree=Pos 1 More advmod 3 : : PUNCT _ 4 sooner punct 4 sooner soon ADV Degree=Cmp root root 5 than than ADP _ 6 usual case 6 usual usual ADJ Degree=Pos 4 sooner obl 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 sooner cc 8 sooner soon ADV Degree=Cmp 4 sooner conj 9 than than ADP _ 10 something case 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 sooner obl 11 else else ADV _ 10 something advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 sooner punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 3 As an adjective, it means coming before another one, as in an earlier chapter.
The tree, 14 words case det obl punct nsubj xcomp case det obl punct case case det amod obl punct root As ADP an DET adjective NOUN , PUNCT it PRON means VERB coming VERB before ADP another DET one NOUN , PUNCT as ADP in ADP an DET earlier ADJ chapter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 adjective case 2 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 adjective det 3 adjective adjective NOUN Number=Sing 6 means obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 adjective punct 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 means nsubj 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 coming come VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 means xcomp 8 before before ADP _ 10 one case 9 another another DET PronType=Ind 10 one det 10 one one NOUN Number=Sing 7 coming obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 16 chapter punct 12 as as ADP _ 16 chapter case 13 in in ADP _ 16 chapter case 14 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 chapter det 15 earlier early ADJ Degree=Cmp 16 chapter amod 16 chapter chapter NOUN Number=Sing 7 coming obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present adjective as a adjective vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 come not said to happen gerund adjective not said here before another one as a earlier chapter vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before one=Location
Example 1 I saw your dog earlier today.
nsubj nmod:poss obj advmod obl:unmarked punct root I PRON saw VERB your PRON dog NOUN earlier ADV today NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 dog nmod:poss 4 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 5 earlier early ADV Degree=Cmp 2 saw advmod 6 today today NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past I your dog today early property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer dog=Stimulus
Example 2 We went to bed earlier than usual because of the trip.
nsubj case obl advmod case xcomp case fixed det obl punct root We PRON went VERB to ADP bed NOUN earlier ADV than ADP usual ADJ because ADP of ADP the DET trip NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 4 bed case 4 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obl 5 earlier early ADV Degree=Cmp 7 usual advmod 6 than than ADP _ 7 usual case 7 usual usual ADJ Degree=Pos 2 went xcomp 8 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 11 trip case 9 of of ADP _ 8 because fixed 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 trip det 11 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 7 usual obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past We bed usual property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial_Location
Example 3 The bus left ten minutes earlier than the timetable said.
det nsubj nummod obl:unmarked advmod mark det nsubj advcl punct root The DET bus NOUN left VERB ten NUM minutes NOUN earlier ADV than SCONJ the DET timetable NOUN said VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bus det 2 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 3 left nsubj 3 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 minutes nummod 5 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 6 earlier obl:unmarked 6 earlier early ADV Degree=Cmp 3 left advmod 7 than than SCONJ _ 10 said mark 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 timetable det 9 timetable timetable NOUN Number=Sing 10 said nsubj 10 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 earlier advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave past the bus early property vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 say speech: assert past the timetable vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Look back at the earlier page for help.
advmod case det amod obl case nmod punct root Look VERB back ADV at ADP the DET earlier ADJ page NOUN for ADP help NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Look look VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 back back ADV _ 1 Look advmod 3 at at ADP _ 6 page case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 page det 5 earlier early ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 page amod 6 page page NOUN Number=Sing 1 Look obl 7 for for ADP _ 8 help case 8 help help NOUN Number=Sing 6 page nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look back imperative you not said here at the earlier page for help vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at page=Theme
Example 5 Earlier, it was sunny, but now it is raining.
advmod punct nsubj cop punct cc advmod nsubj aux conj punct root Earlier ADV , PUNCT it PRON was AUX sunny ADJ , PUNCT but CCONJ now ADV it PRON is AUX raining VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Earlier early ADV Degree=Cmp 5 sunny advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Earlier punct 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 sunny nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 sunny cop 5 sunny sunny ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 11 raining punct 7 but but CCONJ _ 11 raining cc 8 now now ADV PronType=Dem 11 raining advmod 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 raining nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 raining aux 11 raining rain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 sunny conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 sunny punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past it early, sunny property tree rules 2 rain present · progressive it now vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Example 6 Can you come a bit earlier tomorrow?
aux nsubj det obl:unmarked amod obl:unmarked punct root Can AUX you PRON come VERB a DET bit NOUN earlier ADJ tomorrow NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 come aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 come nsubj 3 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 bit det 5 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 6 earlier obl:unmarked 6 earlier early ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 tomorrow amod 7 tomorrow tomorrow NOUN Number=Sing 3 come obl:unmarked 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come can you tomorrow vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 The earlier you start your homework, the sooner you finish.
det advmod nsubj nmod:poss obj punct det advmod nsubj conj punct root The DET earlier ADV you PRON start VERB your PRON homework NOUN , PUNCT the DET sooner ADV you PRON finish VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 earlier det 2 earlier early ADV Degree=Cmp 4 start advmod 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 start nsubj 4 start start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 homework nmod:poss 6 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 4 start obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 finish punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 sooner det 9 sooner soon ADV Degree=Cmp 11 finish advmod 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 finish nsubj 11 finish finish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 start conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 start punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start present you your homework early property vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent homework=Eventuality 2 finish present you soon property vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 8 If the film starts at 7:00, an hour earlier is 6:00.
mark det nsubj advcl case obl punct det obl:unmarked advmod cop punct root If SCONJ the DET film NOUN starts VERB at ADP 7:00 NUM , PUNCT an DET hour NOUN earlier ADV is AUX 6:00 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 starts mark 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 film det 3 film film NOUN Number=Sing 4 starts nsubj 4 starts start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 6:00 advcl 5 at at ADP _ 6 7:00 case 6 7:00 7:00 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 starts obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 4 starts punct 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 hour det 9 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 10 earlier obl:unmarked 10 earlier early ADV Degree=Cmp 12 6:00 advmod 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 6:00 cop 12 6:00 6:00 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 13 . . PUNCT _ 12 6:00 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start a condition, not said to happen present the film 7:00 vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 is a present 6:00 early property tree rules
Example 9 But none got there earlier than Mother Monkey.
cc nsubj advmod advmod case compound obl punct root But CCONJ none PRON got VERB there ADV earlier ADV than ADP Mother PROPN Monkey PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 3 got cc 2 none none PRON PronType=Neg 3 got nsubj 3 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 there there ADV PronType=Dem 3 got advmod 5 earlier early ADV Degree=Cmp 3 got advmod 6 than than ADP _ 8 Monkey case 7 Mother Mother PROPN Number=Sing 8 Monkey compound 8 Monkey Monkey PROPN Number=Sing 5 earlier obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past none there early property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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