eat Who acts: we, rust, I, 9 apples, Tom, Ravi · What happens: eat, be, chew, swallow, eat away, damage · To what, where: mouth, food, meal, dinner, six, something · Speech: someone speaks here
«eat» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: eat in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To eat is to put food in your mouth, chew it and swallow it.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj cop mark obj case nmod:poss obl punct parataxis obj cc conj obj punct root To PART eat VERB is AUX to PART put VERB food NOUN in ADP your PRON mouth NOUN , PUNCT chew VERB it PRON and CCONJ swallow VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 eat mark 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 put csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 put cop 4 to to PART _ 5 put mark 5 put put VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 put obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 mouth case 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 mouth nmod:poss 9 mouth mouth NOUN Number=Sing 5 put obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 chew punct 11 chew chew VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 put parataxis 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 chew obj 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 swallow cc 14 swallow swallow VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 11 chew conj 15 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 swallow obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat to-infinitive vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present your mouth put property tree rules 3 chew infinitive food vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient 4 swallow infinitive food vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To eat a meal is to have it: we eat dinner at six.
The tree, 13 words mark advcl det obj cop mark obj punct nsubj parataxis obj case obl punct root To PART eat VERB a DET meal NOUN is AUX to PART have VERB it PRON : PUNCT we PRON eat VERB dinner NOUN at ADP six NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 eat mark 2 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 have advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 meal det 4 meal meal NOUN Number=Sing 2 eat obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 have cop 6 to to PART _ 7 have mark 7 have have VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 have obj 9 : : PUNCT _ 11 eat punct 10 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 11 eat nsubj 11 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 have parataxis 12 dinner dinner NOUN Number=Sing 11 eat obj 13 at at ADP _ 14 six case 14 six six NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 eat obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat to-infinitive a meal vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meal=Patient 2 is present have property tree rules 3 eat present we dinner six vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinner=Patient
Meaning 3 To eat into or eat away something is to slowly use it up or damage it: rust eats away metal.
The tree, 20 words mark advcl obl cc conj advmod obj cop mark advmod obj compound:prt cc conj obj punct nsubj parataxis advmod obj punct root To PART eat VERB into ADP or CCONJ eat VERB away ADV something PRON is AUX to PART slowly ADV use VERB it PRON up ADP or CCONJ damage VERB it PRON : PUNCT rust NOUN eats VERB away ADV metal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 eat mark 2 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 use advcl 3 into into ADP _ 2 eat obl 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 eat cc 5 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 eat conj 6 away away ADV _ 5 eat advmod 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 eat obj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 use cop 9 to to PART _ 11 use mark 10 slowly slowly ADV _ 11 use advmod 11 use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 use obj 13 up up ADP _ 11 use compound:prt 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 damage cc 15 damage damage VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 11 use conj 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 damage obj 17 : : PUNCT _ 19 eats punct 18 rust rust NOUN Number=Sing 19 eats nsubj 19 eats eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 use parataxis 20 away away ADV _ 19 eats advmod 21 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 19 eats obj 22 . . PUNCT _ 11 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat to-infinitive vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 eat away infinitive something away property vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient 3 is present slowly, use property tree rules 4 damage infinitive it vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient 5 eat away present rust metal away property vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent metal=Patient
Example 1 I eat three plums from the table.
nsubj nummod obj case det nmod punct root I PRON eat VERB three NUM plums NOUN from ADP the DET table NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 eat nsubj 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 plums nummod 4 plums plum NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 table case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 table det 7 table table NOUN Number=Sing 4 plums nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present I three plums the table vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plum=Patient
Example 2 There were 9 apples. Tom ate 1 of them. How many apples are left?
Sentence 1: There were 9 apples.
expl nummod nsubj punct root There PRON were VERB 9 NUM apples NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 were expl 2 were be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 apples nummod 4 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 2 were nsubj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 were punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past 9 apples there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Sentence 2: Tom ate 1 of them.
nsubj obj case nmod punct root Tom PROPN ate VERB 1 NUM of ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 2 ate nsubj 2 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 ate obj 4 of of ADP _ 5 them case 5 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 1 nmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 ate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat past Tom 1 of apples vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 1=Patient
Sentence 3: How many apples are left?
advmod amod nsubj aux:pass punct root How ADV many ADJ apples NOUN are AUX left VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 apples amod 3 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 5 left nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 left aux:pass 5 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present · passive many apples vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 3 Ravi ate 4 of the 12 grapes.
nsubj obj case det nummod nmod punct root Ravi PROPN ate VERB 4 NUM of ADP the DET 12 NUM grapes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ravi Ravi PROPN Number=Sing 2 ate nsubj 2 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 ate obj 4 of of ADP _ 7 grapes case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 grapes det 6 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 grapes nummod 7 grapes grape NOUN Number=Plur 3 4 nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 ate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat past Ravi 4 of the 12 grapes vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4=Patient
Example 4 We eat lunch at twelve.
nsubj obj case obl punct root We PRON eat VERB lunch NOUN at ADP twelve NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 eat nsubj 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 lunch lunch NOUN Number=Sing 2 eat obj 4 at at ADP _ 5 twelve case 5 twelve twelve NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 eat obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present We lunch twelve vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunch=Patient
Example 5 Eat your vegetables; they help you grow.
nmod:poss obj punct nsubj parataxis obj xcomp punct root Eat VERB your PRON vegetables NOUN ; PUNCT they PRON help VERB you PRON grow VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Eat eat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 vegetables nmod:poss 3 vegetables vegetable NOUN Number=Plur 1 Eat obj 4 ; ; PUNCT _ 6 help punct 5 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 help nsubj 6 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Eat parataxis 7 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 help obj 8 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 help xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat imperative you not said here your vegetables vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vegetable=Patient 2 help present vegetables = vegetable you vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme 3 grow infinitive you not said here vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Cows eat grass.
nsubj obj punct root Cows NOUN eat VERB grass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat nsubj 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 2 eat obj 4 . . PUNCT _ 2 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present Cows grass vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient
Example 7 Never eat wild mushrooms or berries without asking an adult.
advmod amod obj cc conj mark advcl det obj punct root Never ADV eat VERB wild ADJ mushrooms NOUN or CCONJ berries NOUN without SCONJ asking VERB an DET adult NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 eat advmod 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 4 mushrooms amod 4 mushrooms mushroom NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 berries cc 6 berries berry NOUN Number=Plur 4 mushrooms conj 7 without without SCONJ _ 8 asking mark 8 asking ask VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 eat advcl 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 adult det 10 adult adult NOUN Number=Sing 8 asking obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not eat imperative you not said here wild mushrooms or berries vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mushroom=Patient 2 ask speech: ask gerund you not said here a adult vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient
Example 8 Let's eat out tonight.
obj xcomp compound:prt obl:unmarked punct root Let VERB 's PRON eat VERB out ADP tonight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 's we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Let obj 3 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Let xcomp 4 out out ADP _ 3 eat compound:prt 5 tonight tonight NOUN Number=Sing 3 eat obl:unmarked 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let imperative you not said here 's tree rules 2 eat out infinitive 's not said here tonight vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 9 "Then eat heartily," said the Barmecide.
punct advmod ccomp advmod punct punct det obj punct root " PUNCT Then ADV eat VERB heartily ADV , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB the DET Barmecide NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 eat punct 2 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 3 eat advmod 3 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 said ccomp 4 heartily heartily ADV _ 3 eat advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 3 eat punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 3 eat punct 7 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Barmecide det 9 Barmecide barmecide NOUN Number=Sing 7 said obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat in a quote infinitive then heartily property vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 say speech: assert past the Barmecide vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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