echolocation Who acts: Echolocation, animals, echoes, machines, Bats, Dolphins · What happens: be, find, make, listen, bounce back, use · To what, where: way, things, sounds, It, echolocation, moths
«echolocation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: echolocation in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Echolocation is a way some animals find things by making sounds and listening for the echoes that bounce back.
The tree, 19 words nsubj cop det det nsubj acl:relcl obj mark advcl obj cc conj case det obl nsubj acl:relcl advmod punct root Echolocation NOUN is AUX a DET way NOUN some DET animals NOUN find VERB things NOUN by SCONJ making VERB sounds NOUN and CCONJ listening VERB for ADP the DET echoes NOUN that PRON bounce VERB back ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Echolocation echolocation NOUN Number=Sing 4 way nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 way cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 way det 4 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 some some DET PronType=Ind 6 animals det 6 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 7 find nsubj 7 find find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 way acl:relcl 8 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 7 find obj 9 by by SCONJ _ 10 making mark 10 making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 find advcl 11 sounds sound NOUN Number=Plur 10 making obj 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 listening cc 13 listening listen VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 making conj 14 for for ADP _ 16 echoes case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 echoes det 16 echoes echo NOUN Number=Plur 13 listening obl 17 that that PRON PronType=Rel 18 bounce nsubj 18 bounce bounce VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 echoes acl:relcl 19 back back ADV _ 18 bounce advmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Echolocation a way tree rules 2 find present some animals things vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic 3 make gerund some animals not said here sounds vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product 4 listen gerund some animals not said here for the echoes vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for echo=Theme 5 bounce back present the echoes vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It is also used by machines, like sonar on ships, to find things underwater.
The tree, 14 words nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case obl punct case obl case nmod punct mark parataxis obj advmod punct root It PRON is AUX also ADV used VERB by ADP machines NOUN , PUNCT like ADP sonar NOUN on ADP ships NOUN , PUNCT to PART find VERB things NOUN underwater ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 used nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 used aux:pass 3 also also ADV _ 4 used advmod 4 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 6 machines case 6 machines machine NOUN Number=Plur 4 used obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 sonar punct 8 like like ADP _ 9 sonar case 9 sonar sonar NOUN Number=Sing 4 used obl 10 on on ADP _ 11 ships case 11 ships ship NOUN Number=Plur 9 sonar nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 find punct 13 to to PART _ 14 find mark 14 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 used parataxis 15 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 14 find obj 16 underwater underwater ADV _ 14 find advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present · passive machines It like sonar on ships vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient 2 find to-infinitive things underwater property vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic
Example 1 Bats use echolocation to find moths in the dark.
nsubj obj mark advcl obj case det obl punct root Bats NOUN use VERB echolocation NOUN to PART find VERB moths NOUN in ADP the DET dark NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 echolocation echolocation NOUN Number=Sing 2 use obj 4 to to PART _ 5 find mark 5 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 use advcl 6 moths moth NOUN Number=Plur 5 find obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 dark case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 dark det 9 dark dark NOUN Number=Sing 5 find obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Bats echolocation vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echolocation=Patient 2 find to-infinitive Bats not said here moths the dark vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moth=Topic
Example 2 Dolphins hunt fish using echolocation.
nsubj obj acl obj punct root Dolphins NOUN hunt VERB fish NOUN using VERB echolocation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dolphins dolphin NOUN Number=Plur 2 hunt nsubj 2 hunt hunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 2 hunt obj 4 using use VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 fish acl 5 echolocation echolocation NOUN Number=Sing 4 using obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 hunt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt present Dolphins fish vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme 2 use gerund fish not said here echolocation vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echolocation=Patient
Example 3 Echolocation works because sound bounces back off objects.
nsubj mark nsubj advcl advmod case obl punct root Echolocation NOUN works VERB because SCONJ sound NOUN bounces VERB back ADV off ADP objects NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Echolocation echolocation NOUN Number=Sing 2 works nsubj 2 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 because because SCONJ _ 5 bounces mark 4 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 5 bounces nsubj 5 bounces bounce VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 works advcl 6 back back ADV _ 5 bounces advmod 7 off off ADP _ 8 objects case 8 objects object NOUN Number=Plur 5 bounces obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 works punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work present Echolocation vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 bounce back present sound objects vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme off object=Trajectory
Example 4 The closer the moth, the sooner the echo returns.
det det nsubj punct det advmod det nsubj conj punct root The DET closer ADJ the DET moth NOUN , PUNCT the DET sooner ADV the DET echo NOUN returns VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 closer det 2 closer close ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 moth det 4 moth moth NOUN Number=Sing 2 closer nsubj 5 , , PUNCT _ 10 returns punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sooner det 7 sooner soon ADV Degree=Cmp 10 returns advmod 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 echo det 9 echo echo NOUN Number=Sing 10 returns nsubj 10 returns return VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 closer conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 closer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 return present the echo soon property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Ships use sonar, a kind of echolocation, to find the sea bed.
The tree, 12 words nsubj obj punct det appos case nmod punct mark conj det compound obj punct root Ships NOUN use VERB sonar NOUN , PUNCT a DET kind NOUN of ADP echolocation NOUN , PUNCT to PART find VERB the DET sea NOUN bed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ships ship NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sonar sonar NOUN Number=Sing 2 use obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 kind punct 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 kind det 6 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 3 sonar appos 7 of of ADP _ 8 echolocation case 8 echolocation echolocation NOUN Number=Sing 6 kind nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 find punct 10 to to PART _ 11 find mark 11 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 use conj 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 bed det 13 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 14 bed compound 14 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 11 find obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Ships sonar vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sonar=Patient 2 find to-infinitive Ships not said here the sea bed vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bed=Topic
Example 6 Some blind people learn a kind of echolocation by clicking their tongues.
det amod nsubj det obj case nmod mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct root Some DET blind ADJ people NOUN learn VERB a DET kind NOUN of ADP echolocation NOUN by SCONJ clicking VERB their PRON tongues NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 3 people det 2 blind blind ADJ Degree=Pos 3 people amod 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 learn nsubj 4 learn learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 kind det 6 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 4 learn obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 echolocation case 8 echolocation echolocation NOUN Number=Sing 6 kind nmod 9 by by SCONJ _ 10 clicking mark 10 clicking click VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 learn advcl 11 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 tongues nmod:poss 12 tongues tongue NOUN Number=Plur 10 clicking obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 learn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn present some blind people a kind of echolocation vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Topic 2 click gerund some blind people not said here people's tongues vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tongue=Theme
Example 7 We learned about echolocation in our lesson on sound.
nsubj case obl case nmod:poss obl case nmod punct root We PRON learned VERB about ADP echolocation NOUN in ADP our PRON lesson NOUN on ADP sound NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 learned nsubj 2 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 about about ADP _ 4 echolocation case 4 echolocation echolocation NOUN Number=Sing 2 learned obl 5 in in ADP _ 7 lesson case 6 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 lesson nmod:poss 7 lesson lesson NOUN Number=Sing 2 learned obl 8 on on ADP _ 9 sound case 9 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 7 lesson nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past We our lesson on sound about echolocation vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about echolocation=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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