echo Who acts: echo, you, they, We, footsteps, Bats · What happens: be, hear, bounce back, echo, mean, come back · To what, where: sound, hard surface, someone, small reminder, cave, echo · Speech: someone speaks here
«echo» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: echo in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An echo is a sound you hear again because it bounces back off a hard surface, like a cliff, a wall or the inside of a cave.
The tree, 27 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl advmod mark nsubj advcl advmod case det amod obl punct case det nmod punct det nmod cc det conj case det nmod punct root An DET echo NOUN is AUX a DET sound NOUN you PRON hear VERB again ADV because SCONJ it PRON bounces VERB back ADV off ADP a DET hard ADJ surface NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET cliff NOUN , PUNCT a DET wall NOUN or CCONJ the DET inside NOUN of ADP a DET cave NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 echo det 2 echo echo NOUN Number=Sing 5 sound nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sound cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 sound det 5 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 hear nsubj 7 hear hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sound acl:relcl 8 again again ADV _ 7 hear advmod 9 because because SCONJ _ 11 bounces mark 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 bounces nsubj 11 bounces bounce VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 hear advcl 12 back back ADV _ 11 bounces advmod 13 off off ADP _ 16 surface case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 surface det 15 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 16 surface amod 16 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 11 bounces obl 17 , , PUNCT _ 20 cliff punct 18 like like ADP _ 20 cliff case 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 cliff det 20 cliff cliff NOUN Number=Sing 16 surface nmod 21 , , PUNCT _ 23 wall punct 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 wall det 23 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 20 cliff nmod 24 or or CCONJ _ 26 inside cc 25 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 inside det 26 inside inside NOUN Number=Sing 20 cliff conj 27 of of ADP _ 29 cave case 28 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 29 cave det 29 cave cave NOUN Number=Sing 26 inside nmod 30 . . PUNCT _ 5 sound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a echo a sound tree rules 2 hear present you a sound not said here again vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sound=Stimulus 3 bounce back present echo a hard surface like a cliff a wall or the inside of a cave vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme off surface=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To echo means to come back as an echo, or for a place to be full of echoes.
The tree, 18 words mark csubj mark ccomp advmod case det obl punct cc case det appos mark cop amod case obl punct root To PART echo VERB means VERB to PART come VERB back ADV as ADP an DET echo NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ for ADP a DET place NOUN to PART be AUX full ADJ of ADP echoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 echo mark 2 echo echo VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 come mark 5 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means ccomp 6 back back ADV _ 5 come advmod 7 as as ADP _ 9 echo case 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 echo det 9 echo echo NOUN Number=Sing 5 come obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 place punct 11 or or CCONJ _ 14 place cc 12 for for ADP _ 14 place case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 place det 14 place place NOUN Number=Sing 9 echo appos 15 to to PART _ 17 full mark 16 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 17 full cop 17 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 14 place amod 18 of of ADP _ 19 echoes case 19 echoes echo NOUN Number=Plur 17 full obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 echo to-infinitive vn sound_existence-47.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 come back not said to happen to-infinitive as a echo vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 is to-infinitive of echoes; full property tree rules
Meaning 3 To echo someone means to repeat what they said, or to agree with it.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj obj mark xcomp obj nsubj ccomp punct cc mark conj case obl punct root To PART echo VERB someone PRON means VERB to PART repeat VERB what PRON they PRON said VERB , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART agree VERB with ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 echo mark 2 echo echo VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 echo obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 repeat mark 6 repeat repeat VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 what what PRON PronType=Int 9 said obj 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 said nsubj 9 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 repeat ccomp 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 agree punct 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 agree cc 12 to to PART _ 13 agree mark 13 agree agree VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 repeat conj 14 with with ADP _ 15 it case 15 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 agree obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 echo to-infinitive someone vn sound_existence-47.4 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location someone=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 repeat not said to happen to-infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 say speech: assert past they vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic 5 agree speech: agree to-infinitive with it vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.co-agent how S»: agent=Agent with it=Co-Agent
Meaning 4 An echo of something is a small reminder of it.
det nsubj case nmod cop det amod case nmod punct root An DET echo NOUN of ADP something PRON is AUX a DET small ADJ reminder NOUN of ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 echo det 2 echo echo NOUN Number=Sing 8 reminder nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 echo nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 reminder cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 reminder det 7 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 8 reminder amod 8 reminder reminder NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 10 it case 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 reminder nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 reminder punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a echo of something a small reminder of reminder tree rules
Example 1 We shouted «Hello!» in the cave and heard the echo.
nsubj punct obj punct punct case det obl cc conj det obj punct root We PRON shouted VERB « PUNCT Hello INTJ ! PUNCT » PUNCT in ADP the DET cave NOUN and CCONJ heard VERB the DET echo NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 shouted nsubj 2 shouted shout VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 « « PUNCT _ 4 Hello punct 4 Hello hello INTJ _ 2 shouted obj 5 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 Hello punct 6 » » PUNCT _ 4 Hello punct 7 in in ADP _ 9 cave case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 cave det 9 cave cave NOUN Number=Sing 2 shouted obl 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 heard cc 11 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 shouted conj 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 echo det 13 echo echo NOUN Number=Sing 11 heard obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 shouted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shout speech: express past We the cave vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hello=Topic 2 hear past We not said here the echo vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer echo=Stimulus
Example 2 Our footsteps echoed in the empty hall.
nmod:poss nsubj case det amod obl punct root Our PRON footsteps NOUN echoed VERB in ADP the DET empty ADJ hall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 footsteps nmod:poss 2 footsteps footstep NOUN Number=Plur 3 echoed nsubj 3 echoed echo VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 7 hall case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 hall det 6 empty empty ADJ Degree=Pos 7 hall amod 7 hall hall NOUN Number=Sing 3 echoed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 echoed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 echo past Our footsteps the empty hall vn sound_existence-47.4 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hall=Location
Example 3 Bats use echoes to find insects in the dark.
nsubj obj mark advcl obj case det obl punct root Bats NOUN use VERB echoes NOUN to PART find VERB insects NOUN in ADP the DET dark NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 echoes echo NOUN Number=Plur 2 use obj 4 to to PART _ 5 find mark 5 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 use advcl 6 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 5 find obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 dark case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 dark det 9 dark dark NOUN Number=Sing 5 find obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Bats echoes vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echo=Patient 2 find to-infinitive Bats not said here insects the dark vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Topic
Example 4 Sound bounced off the cliff and came back as an echo.
nsubj acl case det obl cc advmod case det obl punct root Sound NOUN bounced VERB off ADP the DET cliff NOUN and CCONJ came VERB back ADV as ADP an DET echo NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 7 came nsubj 2 bounced bounce VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Sound acl 3 off off ADP _ 5 cliff case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cliff det 5 cliff cliff NOUN Number=Sing 2 bounced obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 2 bounced cc 7 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 back back ADV _ 7 came advmod 9 as as ADP _ 11 echo case 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 echo det 11 echo echo NOUN Number=Sing 7 came obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bounce off participle Sound not said here the cliff vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cliff=Agent 2 come back past Sound as a echo vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 The baby echoed every word I said.
det nsubj det obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root The DET baby NOUN echoed VERB every DET word NOUN I PRON said VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 baby det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 echoed nsubj 3 echoed echo VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 every every DET PronType=Tot 5 word det 5 word word NOUN Number=Sing 3 echoed obj 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 said nsubj 7 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 word acl:relcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 echoed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 echo past the baby every word vn sound_existence-47.4 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location word=Theme 2 say speech: assert past I every word not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic
Example 6 I echo what Sam said; it was a great trip.
nsubj obj nsubj ccomp punct nsubj cop det amod parataxis punct root I PRON echo VERB what PRON Sam PROPN said VERB ; PUNCT it PRON was AUX a DET great ADJ trip NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 echo nsubj 2 echo echo VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 what what PRON PronType=Int 5 said obj 4 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 5 said nsubj 5 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 echo ccomp 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 trip punct 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 trip nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 trip cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 trip det 10 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 11 trip amod 11 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 2 echo parataxis 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 echo punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 echo present I tree rules 2 say speech: assert past Sam vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic 3 is a past it a great trip tree rules
Example 7 Curtains help stop echoes in a room.
nsubj xcomp obj case det obl punct root Curtains NOUN help VERB stop VERB echoes NOUN in ADP a DET room NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Curtains curtain NOUN Number=Plur 2 help nsubj 2 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 help xcomp 4 echoes echo NOUN Number=Plur 3 stop obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 room case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 room det 7 room room NOUN Number=Sing 3 stop obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Curtains vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 stop infinitive Curtains not said here echoes a room vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality echo=Eventuality
Example 8 The music echoed down the tunnel.
det nsubj compound:prt det obj punct root The DET music NOUN echoed VERB down ADP the DET tunnel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 music det 2 music music NOUN Number=Sing 3 echoed nsubj 3 echoed echo VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 down down ADP _ 3 echoed compound:prt 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 tunnel det 6 tunnel tunnel NOUN Number=Sing 3 echoed obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 echoed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 echo down past the music the tunnel vn sound_existence-47.4 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tunnel=Theme
Example 9 “No, No, No!” repeated the echoes.
punct discourse punct discourse punct discourse punct punct det obj punct root “ PUNCT No INTJ , PUNCT No INTJ , PUNCT No INTJ ! PUNCT ” PUNCT repeated VERB the DET echoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 9 repeated punct 2 No no INTJ Polarity=Neg 9 repeated discourse 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 No punct 4 No no INTJ Polarity=Neg 2 No discourse 5 , , PUNCT _ 2 No punct 6 No no INTJ Polarity=Neg 2 No discourse 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 No punct 8 ” " PUNCT _ 2 No punct 9 repeated repeat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 echoes det 11 echoes echo NOUN Number=Plur 9 repeated obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 repeated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 repeat past the echoes vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echo=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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