economise Who acts: you, We, Mum, I, family, Dad · What happens: economise, be, use, save, turn off, not use · To what, where: something, one thing, lights, snacks, school, paper
«economise» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: economise in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To economise is to spend less money or use less of something so that you save.
The tree, 16 words mark csubj cop mark amod obj cc conj advmod case obl mark fixed nsubj advcl punct root To PART economise VERB is AUX to PART spend VERB less ADJ money NOUN or CCONJ use VERB less ADJ of ADP something PRON so SCONJ that SCONJ you PRON save VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 economise mark 2 economise economise VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 spend csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 spend cop 4 to to PART _ 5 spend mark 5 spend spend VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 money amod 7 money money NOUN Number=Sing 5 spend obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 use cc 9 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 spend conj 10 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp 9 use advmod 11 of of ADP _ 12 something case 12 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 less obl 13 so so SCONJ ExtPos=SCONJ 16 save mark 14 that that SCONJ _ 13 so fixed 15 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 16 save nsubj 16 save save VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 use advcl 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 spend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 economise to-infinitive tree rules 2 is present spend property tree rules 3 use present vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 save present you vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To economise on something is to cut back on that one thing.
mark advcl case obl cop mark advmod case det nummod obl punct root To PART economise VERB on ADP something PRON is AUX to PART cut VERB back ADV on ADP that DET one NUM thing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 economise mark 2 economise economise VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 cut advcl 3 on on ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 economise obl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cut cop 6 to to PART _ 7 cut mark 7 cut cut VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 back back ADV _ 7 cut advmod 9 on on ADP _ 12 thing case 10 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 12 thing det 11 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 12 thing nummod 12 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 7 cut obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 economise to-infinitive something tree rules 2 is present that one thing cut property tree rules
Example 1 We economise by turning off lights we are not using.
nsubj mark advcl compound:prt obj nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct root We PRON economise VERB by SCONJ turning VERB off ADP lights NOUN we PRON are AUX not PART using VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 economise nsubj 2 economise economise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 by by SCONJ _ 4 turning mark 4 turning turn VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 economise advcl 5 off off ADP _ 4 turning compound:prt 6 lights light NOUN Number=Plur 4 turning obj 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 using nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 using aux 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 using advmod 10 using use VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 lights acl:relcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 economise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 economise present We tree rules 2 turn off gerund We not said here lights vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent light=Patient 3 not use present · progressive we lights not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient
Example 2 Mum is economising on snacks this month.
nsubj aux case obl det obl:unmarked punct root Mum NOUN is AUX economising VERB on ADP snacks NOUN this DET month NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 3 economising nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 economising aux 3 economising economise VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 on on ADP _ 5 snacks case 5 snacks snack NOUN Number=Plur 3 economising obl 6 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 month det 7 month month NOUN Number=Sing 3 economising obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 economising punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 economise present · progressive Mum snacks month tree rules
Example 3 The school economised on paper by printing on both sides.
det acl case obl mark advcl case det obl punct root The DET school NOUN economised VERB on ADP paper NOUN by SCONJ printing VERB on ADP both DET sides NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 school det 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 economised economise VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 school acl 4 on on ADP _ 5 paper case 5 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 3 economised obl 6 by by SCONJ _ 7 printing mark 7 printing print VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 economised advcl 8 on on ADP _ 10 sides case 9 both both DET PronType=Tot 10 sides det 10 sides side NOUN Number=Plur 7 printing obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 school punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 economise participle the school not said here paper tree rules 2 print gerund both sides vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on side=Destination
Example 4 To save for the trip, I economised by not buying sweets.
mark case det obl punct nsubj advcl mark advmod advcl obj punct root To PART save VERB for ADP the DET trip NOUN , PUNCT I PRON economised VERB by SCONJ not PART buying VERB sweets NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 save mark 2 save save VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for ADP _ 5 trip case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 trip det 5 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 2 save obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 economised punct 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 economised nsubj 8 economised economise VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 save advcl 9 by by SCONJ _ 11 buying mark 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 buying advmod 11 buying buy VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 economised advcl 12 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 11 buying obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 save punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 save to-infinitive for the trip vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent for trip=Source 2 economise participle I tree rules 3 not buy gerund I not said here sweets vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Theme
Example 5 The family had to economise after Dad lost his job.
det nsubj mark xcomp mark nsubj ccomp nmod:poss obj punct root The DET family NOUN had VERB to PART economise VERB after SCONJ Dad PROPN lost VERB his PRON job NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 family det 2 family family NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 economise mark 5 economise economise VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 had xcomp 6 after after SCONJ _ 8 lost mark 7 Dad Dad PROPN Number=Sing 8 lost nsubj 8 lost lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 economise ccomp 9 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 job nmod:poss 10 job job NOUN Number=Sing 8 lost obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the family tree rules 2 economise to-infinitive the family not said here tree rules 3 lose past Dad Dad's job vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality 4 job Dad nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Campers economise on water in the desert.
nsubj case obl case det obl punct root Campers NOUN economise VERB on ADP water NOUN in ADP the DET desert NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Campers camper NOUN Number=Plur 2 economise nsubj 2 economise economise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 4 water case 4 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 economise obl 5 in in ADP _ 7 desert case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 desert det 7 desert desert NOUN Number=Sing 2 economise obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 economise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 economise present Campers water in the desert tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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