ecosystem Who acts: ecosystem, all, things, computers, pond, Great Barrier Reef · What happens: be, affect, work, make, work together, harm · To what, where: living things, one place, each, group, computers, small ecosystem
«ecosystem» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ecosystem in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An ecosystem is all the living things in one place — plants, animals, fungi and tiny germs — together with the non-living things around them, like water, soil, air and sunlight, all affecting each other.
The tree, 33 words det nsubj cop det:predet det compound case nummod nmod punct conj punct conj punct conj cc amod conj punct advmod case det compound conj case nmod punct case nmod punct conj punct appos cc conj punct nsubj acl obj fixed punct root An DET ecosystem NOUN is AUX all DET the DET living NOUN things NOUN in ADP one NUM place NOUN — PUNCT plants NOUN , PUNCT animals NOUN , PUNCT fungi NOUN and CCONJ tiny ADJ germs NOUN — PUNCT together ADV with ADP the DET non-living NOUN things NOUN around ADP them PRON , PUNCT like ADP water NOUN , PUNCT soil NOUN , PUNCT air NOUN and CCONJ sunlight NOUN , PUNCT all DET affecting VERB each DET other ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ecosystem det 2 ecosystem ecosystem NOUN Number=Sing 7 things nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 things cop 4 all all DET PronType=Tot 7 things det:predet 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 things det 6 living living NOUN Number=Sing 7 things compound 7 things thing NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 in in ADP _ 10 place case 9 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 place nummod 10 place place NOUN Number=Sing 7 things nmod 11 — - PUNCT _ 12 plants punct 12 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 7 things conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 animals punct 14 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 12 plants conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 fungi punct 16 fungi fungus NOUN Number=Plur 12 plants conj 17 and and CCONJ _ 19 germs cc 18 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 19 germs amod 19 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 12 plants conj 20 — - PUNCT _ 25 things punct 21 together together ADV _ 25 things advmod 22 with with ADP _ 25 things case 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 25 things det 24 non-living non-living NOUN Number=Sing 25 things compound 25 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 7 things conj 26 around around ADP _ 27 them case 27 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 25 things nmod 28 , , PUNCT _ 30 water punct 29 like like ADP _ 30 water case 30 water water NOUN Number=Sing 25 things nmod 31 , , PUNCT _ 32 soil punct 32 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 25 things conj 33 , , PUNCT _ 34 air punct 34 air air NOUN Number=Sing 25 things appos 35 and and CCONJ _ 36 sunlight cc 36 sunlight sunlight NOUN Number=Sing 34 air conj 37 , , PUNCT _ 39 affecting punct 38 all all DET PronType=Tot 39 affecting nsubj 39 affecting affect VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 25 things acl 40 each each DET ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp 39 affecting obj 41 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 40 each fixed 42 . . PUNCT _ 7 things punct
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1 is a present a ecosystem all living things and plants and animals and fungi and tiny germs and the non-living things around things like water and soil one place tree rules 2 affect gerund all each vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus each=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: figurative — kept apart, not parsed.
An ecosystem is a group of things or companies that work closely together, like apps, phones and computers made to work together.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det case nmod cc conj nsubj acl:relcl advmod advmod punct case obl punct conj cc conj acl mark xcomp advmod punct root An DET ecosystem NOUN is AUX a DET group NOUN of ADP things NOUN or CCONJ companies NOUN that PRON work VERB closely ADV together ADV , PUNCT like ADP apps NOUN , PUNCT phones NOUN and CCONJ computers NOUN made VERB to PART work VERB together ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ecosystem det 2 ecosystem ecosystem NOUN Number=Sing 5 group nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 group cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 group det 5 group group NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 things case 7 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 5 group nmod 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 companies cc 9 companies company NOUN Number=Plur 7 things conj 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 work nsubj 11 work work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 things acl:relcl 12 closely closely ADV _ 13 together advmod 13 together together ADV _ 11 work advmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 apps punct 15 like like ADP _ 16 apps case 16 apps app NOUN Number=Plur 11 work obl 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 phones punct 18 phones phone NOUN Number=Plur 16 apps conj 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 computers cc 20 computers computer NOUN Number=Plur 16 apps conj 21 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 20 computers acl 22 to to PART _ 23 work mark 23 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf 21 made xcomp 24 together together ADV _ 23 work advmod 25 . . PUNCT _ 5 group punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ecosystem a group of things or companies tree rules 2 work present things or companies like apps and phones and computers; together property vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 make participle computers not said here tree rules 4 work together to-infinitive computers not said here together property vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 A pond is a small ecosystem.
det nsubj cop det amod punct root A DET pond NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ ecosystem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pond det 2 pond pond NOUN Number=Sing 6 ecosystem nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 ecosystem cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 ecosystem det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 ecosystem amod 6 ecosystem ecosystem NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 ecosystem punct
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1 is a present a pond a small ecosystem tree rules
Example 2 The Great Barrier Reef is a huge ecosystem.
det amod compound nsubj cop det amod punct root The DET Great ADJ Barrier PROPN Reef PROPN is AUX a DET huge ADJ ecosystem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 Reef det 2 Great great ADJ Degree=Pos 4 Reef amod 3 Barrier Barrier PROPN Number=Sing 4 Reef compound 4 Reef Reef PROPN Number=Sing 8 ecosystem nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 ecosystem cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 ecosystem det 7 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 8 ecosystem amod 8 ecosystem ecosystem NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 ecosystem punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the Great Barrier Reef a huge ecosystem tree rules
Example 3 Rabbits harmed the Australian ecosystem when they spread.
nsubj det amod obj advmod nsubj advcl punct root Rabbits NOUN harmed VERB the DET Australian ADJ ecosystem NOUN when ADV they PRON spread VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rabbits rabbit NOUN Number=Plur 2 harmed nsubj 2 harmed harm VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 ecosystem det 4 Australian Australian ADJ Degree=Pos 5 ecosystem amod 5 ecosystem ecosystem NOUN Number=Sing 2 harmed obj 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 spread advmod 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 spread nsubj 8 spread spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 harmed advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 harmed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 harm past Rabbits the Australian ecosystem vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus ecosystem=Experiencer 2 spread present Rabbits = rabbit vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Every living thing in an ecosystem depends on others.
det compound nsubj case det nmod case obl punct root Every DET living NOUN thing NOUN in ADP an DET ecosystem NOUN depends VERB on ADP others NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Every every DET PronType=Tot 3 thing det 2 living living NOUN Number=Sing 3 thing compound 3 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 7 depends nsubj 4 in in ADP _ 6 ecosystem case 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 ecosystem det 6 ecosystem ecosystem NOUN Number=Sing 3 thing nmod 7 depends depend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 on on ADP _ 9 others case 9 others other NOUN Number=Plur 7 depends obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 depends punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 depend present every living thing in a ecosystem on others vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent on other=Theme
Example 5 Pollution can damage the whole ecosystem.
nsubj aux det amod obj punct root Pollution NOUN can AUX damage VERB the DET whole ADJ ecosystem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pollution pollution NOUN Number=Sing 3 damage nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 damage aux 3 damage damage VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 ecosystem det 5 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 6 ecosystem amod 6 ecosystem ecosystem NOUN Number=Sing 3 damage obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 damage punct
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1 damage can Pollution the whole ecosystem vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ecosystem=Patient
Example 6 We built a mini ecosystem in a jar.
nsubj det amod obj case det obl punct root We PRON built VERB a DET mini ADJ ecosystem NOUN in ADP a DET jar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 built nsubj 2 built build VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 ecosystem det 4 mini mini ADJ Degree=Pos 5 ecosystem amod 5 ecosystem ecosystem NOUN Number=Sing 2 built obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 jar case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 jar det 8 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 2 built obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 built punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build past We a mini ecosystem a jar vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ecosystem=Product
Example 7 Removing wolves changed the ecosystem of Yellowstone.
nsubj obj det obj case nmod punct root Removing VERB wolves NOUN changed VERB the DET ecosystem NOUN of ADP Yellowstone PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Removing remove VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 changed nsubj 2 wolves wolf NOUN Number=Plur 1 Removing obj 3 changed change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 ecosystem det 5 ecosystem ecosystem NOUN Number=Sing 3 changed obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 Yellowstone case 7 Yellowstone Yellowstone PROPN Number=Sing 5 ecosystem nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 changed punct
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1 remove gerund wolves vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wolf=Theme 2 change past the ecosystem of Yellowstone vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ecosystem=Patient
Example 8 My phone and tablet are part of the same ecosystem.
nmod:poss nsubj cc conj cop case det amod nmod punct root My PRON phone NOUN and CCONJ tablet NOUN are AUX part NOUN of ADP the DET same ADJ ecosystem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 phone nmod:poss 2 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing 6 part nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 tablet cc 4 tablet tablet NOUN Number=Sing 2 phone conj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 part cop 6 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 10 ecosystem case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 ecosystem det 9 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 10 ecosystem amod 10 ecosystem ecosystem NOUN Number=Sing 6 part nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 part punct
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1 is a present My phone and tablet part of the same ecosystem tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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