elder Who acts: Elder, elder brother, elder sister, village elders, you, She · What happens: mean, say, be, respect, meet, decide · To what, where: older, older person, family, small tree, 12, old elder child · Speech: someone speaks here
«elder» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: elder in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Elder means older, often said of a brother or sister: «my elder sister».
The tree, 13 words nsubj obj punct advmod conj case det obl cc conj punct punct nmod:poss amod parataxis punct punct root Elder NOUN means VERB older ADJ , PUNCT often ADV said VERB of ADP a DET brother NOUN or CCONJ sister NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT my PRON elder ADJ sister NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Elder elder NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 means obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 said punct 5 often often ADV _ 6 said advmod 6 said say VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means conj 7 of of ADP _ 9 brother case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 brother det 9 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 6 said obl 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 sister cc 11 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 9 brother conj 12 : : PUNCT _ 16 sister punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 16 sister punct 14 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 16 sister nmod:poss 15 elder elder ADJ Degree=Pos 16 sister amod 16 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 17 » » PUNCT _ 16 sister punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Elder older tree rules 2 say speech: assert participle Elder not said here of a brother or sister; often property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 An elder is an older person, often one who is respected and wise in a family or group.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det amod punct advmod appos nsubj aux:pass acl:relcl cc conj case det obl cc conj punct root An DET elder NOUN is AUX an DET older ADJ person NOUN , PUNCT often ADV one NUM who PRON is AUX respected VERB and CCONJ wise ADJ in ADP a DET family NOUN or CCONJ group NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 elder det 2 elder elder NOUN Number=Sing 6 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 person cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 person det 5 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 person amod 6 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 one punct 8 often often ADV _ 9 one advmod 9 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 person appos 10 who who PRON PronType=Rel 12 respected nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 respected aux:pass 12 respected respect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 one acl:relcl 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 wise cc 14 wise wise ADJ Degree=Pos 12 respected conj 15 in in ADP _ 17 family case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 family det 17 family family NOUN Number=Sing 12 respected obl 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 group cc 19 group group NOUN Number=Sing 17 family conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a elder a older person tree rules 2 respect present · passive a family or group vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus
Meaning 3 An elder is a small tree with white flowers and dark berries (elderberries).
The tree, 13 words det nsubj cop det amod case amod nmod cc amod conj punct appos punct punct root An DET elder NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ tree NOUN with ADP white ADJ flowers NOUN and CCONJ dark ADJ berries NOUN ( PUNCT elderberries NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 elder det 2 elder elder NOUN Number=Sing 6 tree nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 tree cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 tree det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 tree amod 6 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 with with ADP _ 9 flowers case 8 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 9 flowers amod 9 flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 6 tree nmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 berries cc 11 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 12 berries amod 12 berries berry NOUN Number=Plur 9 flowers conj 13 ( ( PUNCT _ 14 elderberries punct 14 elderberries elderberry NOUN Number=Plur 12 berries appos 15 ) ) PUNCT _ 14 elderberries punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 tree punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a elder a small tree with white flowers and dark berries tree rules
Example 1 Her elder brother is 12.
nmod:poss amod nsubj cop punct root Her PRON elder ADJ brother NOUN is AUX 12 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brother nmod:poss 2 elder elder ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 5 12 nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 12 cop 5 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 12 punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Her elder brother 12 tree rules
Example 2 His elder sister is 4 years older than him.
nmod:poss amod nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked case obl punct root His PRON elder ADJ sister NOUN is AUX 4 NUM years NOUN older ADJ than ADP him PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 sister nmod:poss 2 elder elder ADJ Degree=Pos 3 sister amod 3 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 7 older nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 older cop 5 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 years nummod 6 years year NOUN Number=Plur 7 older obl:unmarked 7 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 8 than than ADP _ 9 him case 9 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 older obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 older punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present His elder sister year than him = he ; old property tree rules
Example 3 The elder sister is twice as old as the younger.
det amod nsubj cop advmod advmod mark det advcl punct root The DET elder ADJ sister NOUN is AUX twice ADV as ADV old ADJ as SCONJ the DET younger ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 sister det 2 elder elder ADJ Degree=Pos 3 sister amod 3 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 7 old nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 old cop 5 twice twice ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 7 old advmod 6 as as ADV _ 7 old advmod 7 old old ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 as as SCONJ _ 10 younger mark 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 younger det 10 younger young ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 old advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 old punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the elder sister old, twice property tree rules
Example 4 How old is the elder child?
advmod amod cop det amod punct root How ADV old ADJ is AUX the DET elder ADJ child NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 old advmod 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 child amod 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 child cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 child det 5 elder elder ADJ Degree=Pos 6 child amod 6 child child NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 child punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the old elder child tree rules
Example 5 The village elders met to decide.
det compound nsubj mark xcomp punct root The DET village NOUN elders NOUN met VERB to PART decide VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 elders det 2 village village NOUN Number=Sing 3 elders compound 3 elders elder NOUN Number=Plur 4 met nsubj 4 met meet VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 decide mark 6 decide decide VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 met xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 met punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 meet past the village elders tree rules 2 decide to-infinitive the village elders not said here vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Be polite to your elders.
cop case nmod:poss obl punct root Be AUX polite ADJ to ADP your PRON elders NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 2 polite cop 2 polite polite ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 elders case 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 elders nmod:poss 5 elders elder NOUN Number=Plur 2 polite obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 polite punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is imperative you not said here to your elders; polite property tree rules
Example 7 She is the eldest of four children.
nsubj cop det case nummod obl punct root She PRON is AUX the DET eldest ADJ of ADP four NUM children NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 eldest nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 eldest cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 eldest det 4 eldest eld ADJ Degree=Sup root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 children case 6 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 children nummod 7 children child NOUN Number=Plur 4 eldest obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 eldest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present She of four children; eld property tree rules
Example 8 We made jam from elderberries.
nsubj aux case obl punct root We PRON made AUX jam VERB from ADP elderberries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 jam nsubj 2 made may AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 jam aux 3 jam jam VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 from from ADP _ 5 elderberries case 5 elderberries elderberry NOUN Number=Plur 3 jam obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 jam punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 jam may We elderberries vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent
Example 9 The elder brother was very angry.
det amod nsubj cop advmod punct root The DET elder ADJ brother NOUN was AUX very ADV angry ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 brother det 2 elder elder ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 6 angry nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 angry cop 5 very very ADV _ 6 angry advmod 6 angry angry ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 angry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the elder brother angry property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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