elm Who acts: elm, tall elm, Elm leaves, Many elm trees, Squirrels, We · What happens: be, stand, have, die, make, run up · To what, where: tall tree, hard wood, tree, church, jagged edges, Dutch elm disease
«elm» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: elm in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An elm is a tall tree with rough, oval leaves with jagged edges.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj cop det amod case amod punct amod nmod case amod nmod punct root An DET elm NOUN is AUX a DET tall ADJ tree NOUN with ADP rough ADJ , PUNCT oval ADJ leaves NOUN with ADP jagged ADJ edges NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 elm det 2 elm elm NOUN Number=Sing 6 tree nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 tree cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 tree det 5 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 6 tree amod 6 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 with with ADP _ 11 leaves case 8 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 11 leaves amod 9 , , PUNCT _ 8 rough punct 10 oval oval ADJ Degree=Pos 11 leaves amod 11 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 6 tree nmod 12 with with ADP _ 14 edges case 13 jagged jagged ADJ Degree=Pos 14 edges amod 14 edges edge NOUN Number=Plur 11 leaves nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 tree punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a elm a tall tree with rough oval leaves with jagged edges tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Elm is the hard wood from this tree.
nsubj cop det amod case det nmod punct root Elm NOUN is AUX the DET hard ADJ wood NOUN from ADP this DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Elm elm NOUN Number=Sing 5 wood nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 wood cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 wood det 4 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 5 wood amod 5 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 from from ADP _ 8 tree case 7 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 8 tree det 8 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 5 wood nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 wood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Elm the hard wood this tree tree rules
Example 1 A tall elm stood beside the church.
det amod nsubj case det obl punct root A DET tall ADJ elm NOUN stood VERB beside ADP the DET church NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 elm det 2 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 3 elm amod 3 elm elm NOUN Number=Sing 4 stood nsubj 4 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 beside beside ADP _ 7 church case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 church det 7 church church NOUN Number=Sing 4 stood obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 stood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand past a tall elm the church vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beside church=Location
Example 2 Elm leaves have jagged edges and uneven bases.
compound nsubj amod obj cc amod conj punct root Elm NOUN leaves NOUN have VERB jagged ADJ edges NOUN and CCONJ uneven ADJ bases NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Elm elm NOUN Number=Sing 2 leaves compound 2 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 jagged jagged ADJ Degree=Pos 5 edges amod 5 edges edge NOUN Number=Plur 3 have obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 8 bases cc 7 uneven uneven ADJ Degree=Pos 8 bases amod 8 bases basis NOUN Number=Plur 5 edges conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Elm leaves jagged edges and uneven bases vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent edge=Patient
Example 3 Many elm trees died from Dutch elm disease.
amod compound nsubj case amod compound obl punct root Many ADJ elm NOUN trees NOUN died VERB from ADP Dutch ADJ elm NOUN disease NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 trees amod 2 elm elm NOUN Number=Sing 3 trees compound 3 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 4 died nsubj 4 died die VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 from from ADP _ 8 disease case 6 Dutch dutch ADJ Degree=Pos 8 disease amod 7 elm elm NOUN Number=Sing 8 disease compound 8 disease disease NOUN Number=Sing 4 died obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 died punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 die past Many elm trees Dutch elm disease vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient from disease=Causer
Example 4 The chair was made of elm.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root The DET chair NOUN was AUX made VERB of ADP elm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 chair det 2 chair chair NOUN Number=Sing 4 made nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 made aux:pass 4 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 elm case 6 elm elm NOUN Number=Sing 4 made obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past · passive the chair of elm vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Example 5 Squirrels ran up the old elm.
nsubj compound:prt det amod obj punct root Squirrels NOUN ran VERB up ADP the DET old ADJ elm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Squirrels squirrel NOUN Number=Plur 2 ran nsubj 2 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 ran compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 elm det 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 elm amod 6 elm elm NOUN Number=Sing 2 ran obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 ran punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run up past Squirrels the old elm vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme elm=Trajectory
Example 6 We collected elm seeds, which are flat and round.
nsubj compound obj punct nsubj cop appos cc conj punct root We PRON collected VERB elm NOUN seeds NOUN , PUNCT which PRON are AUX flat ADJ and CCONJ round ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 collected nsubj 2 collected collect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 elm elm NOUN Number=Sing 4 seeds compound 4 seeds seed NOUN Number=Plur 2 collected obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 flat punct 6 which which PRON PronType=Rel 8 flat nsubj 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 flat cop 8 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 4 seeds appos 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 round cc 10 round round ADJ Degree=Pos 8 flat conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 collected punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 collect past We elm seeds vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seed=Theme 2 is present elm seeds flat property tree rules 3 be elm seeds not said here tree rules
Example 7 The street was once lined with elms.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case obl punct root The DET street NOUN was AUX once ADV lined VERB with ADP elms NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 street det 2 street street NOUN Number=Sing 5 lined nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 lined aux:pass 4 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 5 lined advmod 5 lined line VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 with with ADP _ 7 elms case 7 elms elm NOUN Number=Plur 5 lined obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 lined punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 line past · passive the street with elms; once property vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with elm=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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