encircling Who acts: encircling mountains, children, Wolves, wall, moat, Clouds · What happens: form, surround, move, encircle, protect, make · To what, where: circle, something, sides, valley, ring, maypole
«encircling» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: encircling in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Forming a circle around something; surrounding it on all sides.
det obj case obl punct conj obj case det obl punct root Forming VERB a DET circle NOUN around ADP something PRON ; PUNCT surrounding VERB it PRON on ADP all DET sides NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Forming form VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 circle det 3 circle circle NOUN Number=Sing 1 Forming obj 4 around around ADP _ 5 something case 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Forming obl 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 surrounding punct 7 surrounding surround VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Forming conj 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 surrounding obj 9 on on ADP _ 11 sides case 10 all all DET PronType=Tot 11 sides det 11 sides side NOUN Number=Plur 7 surrounding obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Forming punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 form gerund a circle something vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location circle=Theme 2 surround gerund circle all sides vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Moving around something in a circle.
case obl case det obl punct root Moving VERB around ADP something PRON in ADP a DET circle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Moving move VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 around around ADP _ 3 something case 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Moving obl 4 in in ADP _ 6 circle case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 circle det 6 circle circle NOUN Number=Sing 1 Moving obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Moving punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move gerund something in a circle vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme around something=Trajectory
Example 1 The encircling mountains protected the valley.
det amod nsubj det obj punct root The DET encircling VERB mountains NOUN protected VERB the DET valley NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 mountains det 2 encircling encircle VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 mountains amod 3 mountains mountain NOUN Number=Plur 4 protected nsubj 4 protected protect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 valley det 6 valley valley NOUN Number=Sing 4 protected obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 protected punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encircle gerund vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 2 protect past the encircling mountains the valley vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent valley=Beneficiary
Example 2 The children made a ring, encircling the maypole.
det nsubj det obj punct advcl det obj punct root The DET children NOUN made VERB a DET ring NOUN , PUNCT encircling VERB the DET maypole NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 children det 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 ring det 5 ring ring NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 encircling punct 7 encircling encircle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 made advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 maypole det 9 maypole maypole NOUN Number=Sing 7 encircling obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the children a ring vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ring=Product 2 encircle gerund the children not said here the maypole vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme maypole=Co-Theme
Example 3 Wolves were encircling the camp.
nsubj aux det obj punct root Wolves NOUN were AUX encircling VERB the DET camp NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wolves wolf NOUN Number=Plur 3 encircling nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 encircling aux 3 encircling encircle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 camp det 5 camp camp NOUN Number=Sing 3 encircling obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 encircling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encircle past · progressive Wolves the camp vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme camp=Co-Theme
Example 4 A wall encircling the old town kept enemies out.
det nsubj acl det amod obj obj advmod punct root A DET wall NOUN encircling VERB the DET old ADJ town NOUN kept VERB enemies NOUN out ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 wall det 2 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 7 kept nsubj 3 encircling encircle VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 wall acl 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 town det 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 town amod 6 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 encircling obj 7 kept keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 enemies enemy NOUN Number=Plur 7 kept obj 9 out out ADV _ 7 kept advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 kept punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encircle gerund a wall not said here the old town vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme town=Co-Theme 2 keep out past a wall enemies out property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Theme
Example 5 The moat encircling the castle was full of water.
det nsubj acl det obj cop case obl punct root The DET moat NOUN encircling VERB the DET castle NOUN was AUX full ADJ of ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 moat det 2 moat moat NOUN Number=Sing 7 full nsubj 3 encircling encircle VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 moat acl 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 castle det 5 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 3 encircling obj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 full cop 7 full full ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 of of ADP _ 9 water case 9 water water NOUN Number=Sing 7 full obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 full punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encircle gerund the moat not said here the castle vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme castle=Co-Theme 2 is past the moat of water; full property tree rules
Example 6 Clouds were encircling the mountain top.
nsubj aux det compound obj punct root Clouds NOUN were AUX encircling VERB the DET mountain NOUN top NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 3 encircling nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 encircling aux 3 encircling encircle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 top det 5 mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing 6 top compound 6 top top NOUN Number=Sing 3 encircling obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 encircling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encircle past · progressive Clouds the mountain top vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme top=Co-Theme
Example 7 They had bound themselves fast to each other, so that they looked like one large body on the slippery plains of ice encircling the deep abyss.
The tree, 26 words nsubj:pass aux obj advmod case obl fixed punct mark fixed nsubj conj case nummod amod obl case det amod obl case nmod acl det amod obj punct root They PRON had AUX bound VERB themselves PRON fast ADV to ADP each DET other ADJ , PUNCT so SCONJ that SCONJ they PRON looked VERB like ADP one NUM large ADJ body NOUN on ADP the DET slippery ADJ plains NOUN of ADP ice NOUN encircling VERB the DET deep ADJ abyss NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 bound nsubj:pass 2 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 bound aux 3 bound bind VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 3 bound obj 5 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 3 bound advmod 6 to to ADP _ 7 each case 7 each each DET ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp 3 bound obl 8 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 7 each fixed 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 looked punct 10 so so SCONJ ExtPos=SCONJ 13 looked mark 11 that that SCONJ _ 10 so fixed 12 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 looked nsubj 13 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 bound conj 14 like like ADP _ 17 body case 15 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 17 body nummod 16 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 17 body amod 17 body body NOUN Number=Sing 13 looked obl 18 on on ADP _ 21 plains case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 plains det 20 slippery slippery ADJ Degree=Pos 21 plains amod 21 plains plain NOUN Number=Plur 13 looked obl 22 of of ADP _ 23 ice case 23 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 21 plains nmod 24 encircling encircle VERB VerbForm=Ger 23 ice acl 25 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 27 abyss det 26 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 27 abyss amod 27 abyss abyss NOUN Number=Sing 24 encircling obj 28 . . PUNCT _ 3 bound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bind past · perfect · passive They to each; fast property tree rules 2 look past they like one large body; on the slippery plains of ice vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on plain=Theme 3 encircle gerund ice not said here the deep abyss vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme abyss=Co-Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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