encounter Who acts: encounter, we, our, explorers, you, It · What happens: encounter, mean, meet, face, be, walk · To what, where: someone, problem, difficulty, meeting, bear, heavy traffic · Speech: someone speaks here
«encounter» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: encounter in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To encounter means to meet someone or something, often by chance or unexpectedly.
The tree, 13 words mark csubj mark xcomp obj cc conj punct advmod case obl cc conj punct root To PART encounter VERB means VERB to PART meet VERB someone PRON or CCONJ something PRON , PUNCT often ADV by ADP chance NOUN or CCONJ unexpectedly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 encounter mark 2 encounter encounter VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 meet mark 5 meet meet VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 meet obj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 something cc 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 someone conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 chance punct 10 often often ADV _ 12 chance advmod 11 by by ADP _ 12 chance case 12 chance chance NOUN Number=Sing 5 meet obl 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 unexpectedly cc 14 unexpectedly unexpectedly ADV _ 12 chance conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encounter to-infinitive vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 meet not said to happen to-infinitive someone by chance vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Co-Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"we encountered a bear".
punct nsubj det obj punct punct root " PUNCT we PRON encountered VERB a DET bear NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 encountered punct 2 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 encountered nsubj 3 encountered encounter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 bear det 5 bear bear NOUN Number=Sing 3 encountered obj 6 " " PUNCT _ 3 encountered punct 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 encountered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encounter in a quote past we a bear vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bear=Stimulus
Meaning 2 To encounter a problem or difficulty means to face it.
mark csubj det obj cc conj mark xcomp obj punct root To PART encounter VERB a DET problem NOUN or CCONJ difficulty NOUN means VERB to PART face VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 encounter mark 2 encounter encounter VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means csubj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 problem det 4 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 2 encounter obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 difficulty cc 6 difficulty difficulty NOUN Number=Sing 4 problem conj 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to PART _ 9 face mark 9 face face VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means xcomp 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 face obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encounter to-infinitive a problem or difficulty vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer problem=Stimulus 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 face not said to happen to-infinitive difficulty vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Destination
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"we encountered heavy traffic".
punct nsubj amod obj punct punct root " PUNCT we PRON encountered VERB heavy ADJ traffic NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 encountered punct 2 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 encountered nsubj 3 encountered encounter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 traffic amod 5 traffic traffic NOUN Number=Sing 3 encountered obj 6 " " PUNCT _ 3 encountered punct 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 encountered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encounter in a quote past we heavy traffic vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer traffic=Stimulus
Meaning 3 Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.
An encounter is a meeting, especially an unexpected, strange or dangerous one.
The tree, 12 words det nsubj cop det punct advmod det amod punct conj cc conj appos punct root An DET encounter NOUN is AUX a DET meeting NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV an DET unexpected ADJ , PUNCT strange ADJ or CCONJ dangerous ADJ one NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 encounter det 2 encounter encounter NOUN Number=Sing 5 meeting nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 meeting cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 meeting det 5 meeting meeting NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 14 one punct 7 especially especially ADV _ 14 one advmod 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 one det 9 unexpected unexpected ADJ Degree=Pos 14 one amod 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 strange punct 11 strange strange ADJ Degree=Pos 9 unexpected conj 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 dangerous cc 13 dangerous dangerous ADJ Degree=Pos 9 unexpected conj 14 one one NOUN Number=Sing 5 meeting appos 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 meeting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a encounter a meeting tree rules
Example 1 On our walk we encountered a fox.
case nmod:poss obl nsubj det obj punct root On ADP our PRON walk NOUN we PRON encountered VERB a DET fox NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 3 walk case 2 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 walk nmod:poss 3 walk walk NOUN Number=Sing 5 encountered obl 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 encountered nsubj 5 encountered encounter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 fox det 7 fox fox NOUN Number=Sing 5 encountered obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 encountered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encounter past we a fox our walk vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fox=Stimulus 2 walk our nom walk «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 The explorers encountered many dangers.
det nsubj amod obj punct root The DET explorers NOUN encountered VERB many ADJ dangers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 explorers det 2 explorers explorer NOUN Number=Plur 3 encountered nsubj 3 encountered encounter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 5 dangers amod 5 dangers danger NOUN Number=Plur 3 encountered obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 encountered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encounter past the explorers many dangers vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer danger=Stimulus
Example 3 If you encounter any problems, ask the teacher.
mark nsubj advcl det obj punct det obj punct root If SCONJ you PRON encounter VERB any DET problems NOUN , PUNCT ask VERB the DET teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 encounter mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 encounter nsubj 3 encounter encounter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 ask advcl 4 any any DET PronType=Ind 5 problems det 5 problems problem NOUN Number=Plur 3 encounter obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 encounter punct 7 ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 teacher det 9 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 7 ask obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 ask punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encounter a condition, not said to happen present you any problems vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer problem=Stimulus 2 ask speech: ask imperative you not said here the teacher vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient
Example 4 It was a chance encounter at the shops.
nsubj cop det compound case det nmod punct root It PRON was AUX a DET chance NOUN encounter NOUN at ADP the DET shops NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 encounter nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 encounter cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 encounter det 4 chance chance NOUN Number=Sing 5 encounter compound 5 encounter encounter NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 at at ADP _ 8 shops case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 shops det 8 shops shop NOUN Number=Plur 5 encounter nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 encounter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past It a chance encounter the shops tree rules
Example 5 Our first encounter with snow was magical.
nmod:poss amod nsubj case nmod cop punct root Our PRON first ADJ encounter NOUN with ADP snow NOUN was AUX magical ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 encounter nmod:poss 2 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 3 encounter amod 3 encounter encounter NOUN Number=Sing 7 magical nsubj 4 with with ADP _ 5 snow case 5 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 3 encounter nmod 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 magical cop 7 magical magical ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 magical punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Our first encounter with snow magical property tree rules 2 encounter Our with snow nom encounter «act transitive»: poss=agent with=obl
Example 6 In the jungle they had a close encounter with a snake.
case det obl nsubj det amod obj case det nmod punct root In ADP the DET jungle NOUN they PRON had VERB a DET close ADJ encounter NOUN with ADP a DET snake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 jungle case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 jungle det 3 jungle jungle NOUN Number=Sing 5 had obl 4 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 had nsubj 5 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 encounter det 7 close close ADJ Degree=Pos 8 encounter amod 8 encounter encounter NOUN Number=Sing 5 had obj 9 with with ADP _ 11 snake case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 snake det 11 snake snake NOUN Number=Sing 8 encounter nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past they a close encounter the jungle with a snake vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent encounter=Patient
Example 7 We encountered heavy rain on the way home.
nsubj amod obj case det obl advmod punct root We PRON encountered VERB heavy ADJ rain NOUN on ADP the DET way NOUN home ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 encountered nsubj 2 encountered encounter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 4 rain amod 4 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 2 encountered obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 way case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 way det 7 way way NOUN Number=Sing 2 encountered obl 8 home home ADV _ 7 way advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 encountered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encounter past We heavy rain the way vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rain=Stimulus
Example 8 In comfortable rooms they encounter hospitality and friendly faces.
case amod obl nsubj obj cc amod conj punct root In ADP comfortable ADJ rooms NOUN they PRON encounter VERB hospitality NOUN and CCONJ friendly ADJ faces NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 rooms case 2 comfortable comfortable ADJ Degree=Pos 3 rooms amod 3 rooms room NOUN Number=Plur 5 encounter obl 4 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 encounter nsubj 5 encounter encounter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 hospitality hospitality NOUN Number=Sing 5 encounter obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 faces cc 8 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 9 faces amod 9 faces face NOUN Number=Plur 6 hospitality conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 encounter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encounter present rooms = room hospitality and friendly faces comfortable rooms vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hospitality=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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