encourage Who acts: hope, teacher, We, Mum, me, Warm weather · What happens: encourage, be, keep, try, happen, grow · To what, where: someone, them, something, me, runners, new food · Speech: someone speaks here
«encourage» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: encourage in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To encourage someone is to give them hope, confidence or support so they keep trying.
The tree, 15 words mark csubj obj cop mark iobj obj punct conj cc conj advmod nsubj advcl xcomp punct root To PART encourage VERB someone PRON is AUX to PART give VERB them PRON hope NOUN , PUNCT confidence NOUN or CCONJ support NOUN so ADV they PRON keep VERB trying VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 encourage mark 2 encourage encourage VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 give csubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 encourage obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 give cop 5 to to PART _ 6 give mark 6 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 give iobj 8 hope hope NOUN Number=Sing 6 give obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 confidence punct 10 confidence confidence NOUN Number=Sing 8 hope conj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 support cc 12 support support NOUN Number=Sing 8 hope conj 13 so so ADV _ 15 keep advmod 14 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 keep nsubj 15 keep keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 give advcl 16 trying try VERB VerbForm=Ger 15 keep xcomp 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encourage to-infinitive someone vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme 2 is present them = they give property tree rules 3 keep present hope tree rules 4 try gerund hope not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To encourage something is to help it happen or grow.
mark advcl obj cop mark obj xcomp cc conj punct root To PART encourage VERB something PRON is AUX to PART help VERB it PRON happen VERB or CCONJ grow VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 encourage mark 2 encourage encourage VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 help advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 encourage obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 help cop 5 to to PART _ 6 help mark 6 help help VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 help obj 8 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 help xcomp 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 grow cc 10 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 happen conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encourage to-infinitive something vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 is present help property tree rules 3 happen infinitive vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 grow infinitive vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 My teacher encouraged me to read more.
nmod:poss nsubj obj mark advcl advmod punct root My PRON teacher NOUN encouraged VERB me PRON to PART read VERB more ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 teacher nmod:poss 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 encouraged nsubj 3 encouraged encourage VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 encouraged obj 5 to to PART _ 6 read mark 6 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 encouraged advcl 7 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 6 read advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 encouraged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encourage past My teacher me vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme 2 read to-infinitive My teacher not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 We cheered to encourage the runners.
nsubj mark xcomp det obj punct root We PRON cheered VERB to PART encourage VERB the DET runners NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 cheered nsubj 2 cheered cheer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 encourage mark 4 encourage encourage VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 cheered xcomp 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 runners det 6 runners runner NOUN Number=Plur 4 encourage obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 cheered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cheer past We tree rules 2 encourage to-infinitive We not said here the runners vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent runner=Theme
Example 3 Mum encourages me to try new food.
nsubj obj mark xcomp amod obj punct root Mum NOUN encourages VERB me PRON to PART try VERB new ADJ food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 encourages nsubj 2 encourages encourage VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 encourages obj 4 to to PART _ 5 try mark 5 try try VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 encourages xcomp 6 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 7 food amod 7 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 try obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 encourages punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encourage present Mum me vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP how S_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic 2 try not said to happen to-infinitive me not said here new food vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Eventuality
Example 4 Warm weather encourages plants to grow.
amod nsubj obj mark acl punct root Warm ADJ weather NOUN encourages VERB plants NOUN to PART grow VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 2 weather amod 2 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 3 encourages nsubj 3 encourages encourage VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 3 encourages obj 5 to to PART _ 6 grow mark 6 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 plants acl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 encourages punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encourage present Warm weather plants vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Theme 2 grow to-infinitive Warm weather not said here plants not said here vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Her kind words were very encouraging.
nmod:poss amod nsubj aux advmod punct root Her PRON kind ADJ words NOUN were AUX very ADV encouraging VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 words nmod:poss 2 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 3 words amod 3 words word NOUN Number=Plur 6 encouraging nsubj 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 encouraging aux 5 very very ADV _ 6 encouraging advmod 6 encouraging encourage VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 encouraging punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encourage past · progressive Her kind words vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 word Her = she nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Encourage your friends when they find things hard.
nmod:poss obj advmod nsubj advcl obj xcomp punct root Encourage VERB your PRON friends NOUN when ADV they PRON find VERB things NOUN hard ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Encourage encourage VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 friends nmod:poss 3 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 1 Encourage obj 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 find advmod 5 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 find nsubj 6 find find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Encourage advcl 7 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 6 find obj 8 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 find xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Encourage punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encourage imperative you not said here your friends vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Theme 2 find present friends = friend things hard property vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic
Example 7 The coach encouraged us to keep trying.
det nsubj obj mark advcl xcomp punct root The DET coach NOUN encouraged VERB us PRON to PART keep VERB trying VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 coach det 2 coach coach NOUN Number=Sing 3 encouraged nsubj 3 encouraged encourage VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 encouraged obj 5 to to PART _ 6 keep mark 6 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 encouraged advcl 7 trying try VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 keep xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 encouraged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encourage past the coach us vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme 2 keep to-infinitive the coach not said here tree rules 3 try gerund the coach not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 8 The young man, thus encouraged, began his tale.
det amod nsubj punct advmod acl:relcl punct nmod:poss obj punct root The DET young ADJ man NOUN , PUNCT thus ADV encouraged VERB , PUNCT began VERB his PRON tale NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 man det 2 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 3 man amod 3 man man NOUN Number=Sing 8 began nsubj 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 encouraged punct 5 thus thus ADV _ 6 encouraged advmod 6 encouraged encourage VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 man acl:relcl 7 , , PUNCT _ 3 man punct 8 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 tale nmod:poss 10 tale tale NOUN Number=Sing 8 began obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 began punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 encourage participle the young man not said here thus property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 begin past the young man man's tale vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tale=Eventuality 3 tell man nom tale «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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