engraving Who acts: cutting designs, act, She, old book, engraving, ring · What happens: make, cut, cover, press, print, job · To what, where: picture, lines, metal plate, wood, paper, patterns · Speech: someone speaks here
«engraving» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: engraving in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A picture made by cutting lines into a metal plate or block of wood, then covering it with ink and pressing paper onto it to print the picture.
The tree, 28 words det acl mark advcl obj case det compound obl cc conj case nmod punct advmod conj obj case obl cc conj obj case obl mark advcl det obj punct root A DET picture NOUN made VERB by SCONJ cutting VERB lines NOUN into ADP a DET metal NOUN plate NOUN or CCONJ block NOUN of ADP wood NOUN , PUNCT then ADV covering VERB it PRON with ADP ink NOUN and CCONJ pressing VERB paper NOUN onto ADP it PRON to PART print VERB the DET picture NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 picture det 2 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 picture acl 4 by by SCONJ _ 5 cutting mark 5 cutting cut VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 made advcl 6 lines line NOUN Number=Plur 5 cutting obj 7 into into ADP _ 10 plate case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 plate det 9 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 10 plate compound 10 plate plate NOUN Number=Sing 5 cutting obl 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 block cc 12 block block NOUN Number=Sing 10 plate conj 13 of of ADP _ 14 wood case 14 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 12 block nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 17 covering punct 16 then then ADV PronType=Dem 17 covering advmod 17 covering cover VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 cutting conj 18 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 covering obj 19 with with ADP _ 20 ink case 20 ink ink NOUN Number=Sing 17 covering obl 21 and and CCONJ _ 22 pressing cc 22 pressing press VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 17 covering conj 23 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 22 pressing obj 24 onto onto ADP _ 25 it case 25 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 pressing obl 26 to to PART _ 27 print mark 27 print print VERB VerbForm=Inf 22 pressing advcl 28 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 29 picture det 29 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing 27 print obj 30 . . PUNCT _ 2 picture punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make participle a picture not said here vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 2 cut gerund lines a metal plate or block of wood vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent line=Material into plate=Product 3 cover gerund wood then with ink vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Destination with ink=Theme 4 press gerund paper paper vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paper=Theme 5 print to-infinitive the picture vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Words, names or patterns cut into a hard surface such as metal, glass, stone or wood.
The tree, 16 words punct conj cc conj acl case det amod obl case fixed nmod punct conj punct conj cc conj punct root Words NOUN , PUNCT names NOUN or CCONJ patterns NOUN cut VERB into ADP a DET hard ADJ surface NOUN such ADJ as ADP metal NOUN , PUNCT glass NOUN , PUNCT stone NOUN or CCONJ wood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Words word NOUN Number=Plur root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 3 names punct 3 names name NOUN Number=Plur 1 Words conj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 patterns cc 5 patterns pattern NOUN Number=Plur 1 Words conj 6 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 patterns acl 7 into into ADP _ 10 surface case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 surface det 9 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 10 surface amod 10 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 6 cut obl 11 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 13 metal case 12 as as ADP _ 11 such fixed 13 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 10 surface nmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 glass punct 15 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 13 metal conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 stone punct 17 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 13 metal conj 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 wood cc 19 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 13 metal conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 1 Words punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut participle patterns not said here into a hard surface such metal and glass and stone or wood vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into surface=Patient
Meaning 3 The art or job of cutting designs into hard surfaces.
det cc conj case compound nmod case amod nmod punct root The DET art NOUN or CCONJ job NOUN of ADP cutting NOUN designs NOUN into ADP hard ADJ surfaces NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 art det 2 art art NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 job cc 4 job job NOUN Number=Sing 2 art conj 5 of of ADP _ 7 designs case 6 cutting cutting NOUN Number=Sing 7 designs compound 7 designs design NOUN Number=Plur 4 job nmod 8 into into ADP _ 10 surfaces case 9 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 10 surfaces amod 10 surfaces surface NOUN Number=Plur 7 designs nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 art punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 job cutting designs into hard surfaces nom job «act intransitive»: of=agent
Meaning 4 The act of cutting a design into something (part of the verb «engrave»: «She is engraving a name on the cup»).
The tree, 21 words det mark acl det obj case obl punct appos case det nmod punct parataxis punct punct punct nsubj aux acl det obj case det obl punct punct punct root The DET act NOUN of SCONJ cutting VERB a DET design NOUN into ADP something PRON ( PUNCT part NOUN of ADP the DET verb NOUN « PUNCT engrave VERB » PUNCT : PUNCT « PUNCT She PRON is AUX engraving VERB a DET name NOUN on ADP the DET cup NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 act det 2 act act NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of SCONJ _ 4 cutting mark 4 cutting cut VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 act acl 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 design det 6 design design NOUN Number=Sing 4 cutting obj 7 into into ADP _ 8 something case 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 cutting obl 9 ( ( PUNCT _ 10 part punct 10 part part NOUN Number=Sing 8 something appos 11 of of ADP _ 13 verb case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 verb det 13 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 10 part nmod 14 « « PUNCT _ 15 engrave punct 15 engrave engrave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 13 verb parataxis 16 » » PUNCT _ 10 part punct 17 : : PUNCT _ 21 engraving punct 18 « « PUNCT _ 21 engraving punct 19 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 engraving nsubj 20 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 engraving aux 21 engraving engrave VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 act acl 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 name det 23 name name NOUN Number=Sing 21 engraving obj 24 on on ADP _ 26 cup case 25 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 cup det 26 cup cup NOUN Number=Sing 21 engraving obl 27 » » PUNCT _ 21 engraving punct 28 ) ) PUNCT _ 21 engraving punct 29 . . PUNCT _ 2 act punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut gerund the act not said here a design something vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent design=Material into something=Product 2 engrave in a quote infinitive vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 engrave in a quote present · progressive She a name the cup vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme on cup=Destination
Example 1 The old book had an engraving of a sailing ship on every page.
det amod nsubj det obj case det compound nmod case det obl punct root The DET old ADJ book NOUN had VERB an DET engraving NOUN of ADP a DET sailing NOUN ship NOUN on ADP every DET page NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 book det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 book amod 3 book book NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 engraving det 6 engraving engraving NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obj 7 of of ADP _ 10 ship case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 ship det 9 sailing sailing NOUN Number=Sing 10 ship compound 10 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 6 engraving nmod 11 on on ADP _ 13 page case 12 every every DET PronType=Tot 13 page det 13 page page NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the old book a engraving of a sailing ship every page vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engraving=Patient
Example 2 The engraving on the cup says «Champions».
det nsubj case det nmod punct obj punct punct root The DET engraving NOUN on ADP the DET cup NOUN says VERB « PUNCT Champions NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 engraving det 2 engraving engraving NOUN Number=Sing 6 says nsubj 3 on on ADP _ 5 cup case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cup det 5 cup cup NOUN Number=Sing 2 engraving nmod 6 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 « « PUNCT _ 8 Champions punct 8 Champions champion NOUN Number=Plur 6 says obj 9 » » PUNCT _ 8 Champions punct 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the engraving on the cup Champions vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent champion=Topic
Example 3 Gran's ring has tiny engraving inside it.
nmod:poss case nsubj xcomp advcl case obl punct root Gran PROPN 's PART ring NOUN has VERB tiny ADJ engraving VERB inside ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gran Gran PROPN Number=Sing 3 ring nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Gran case 3 ring ring NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 4 has xcomp 6 engraving engrave VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 tiny advcl 7 inside inside ADP _ 8 it case 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 engraving obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Gran's ring tiny property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 engrave gerund Gran's ring not said here ring vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent inside it=Destination
Example 4 Thomas Bewick made famous wood engravings of birds.
nsubj flat amod compound obj case nmod punct root Thomas PROPN Bewick PROPN made VERB famous ADJ wood NOUN engravings NOUN of ADP birds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thomas Thomas PROPN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 2 Bewick Bewick PROPN Number=Sing 1 Thomas flat 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 6 engravings amod 5 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 6 engravings compound 6 engravings engraving NOUN Number=Plur 3 made obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 birds case 8 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 6 engravings nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Thomas famous wood engravings of birds vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engraving=Product
Example 5 The man in the shop is engraving my name on the medal.
det nsubj case det nmod aux nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root The DET man NOUN in ADP the DET shop NOUN is AUX engraving VERB my PRON name NOUN on ADP the DET medal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 man det 2 man man NOUN Number=Sing 7 engraving nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 5 shop case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 shop det 5 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 2 man nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 engraving aux 7 engraving engrave VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 name nmod:poss 9 name name NOUN Number=Sing 7 engraving obj 10 on on ADP _ 12 medal case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 medal det 12 medal medal NOUN Number=Sing 7 engraving obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 engraving punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 engrave present · progressive the man in the shop my name the medal vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme on medal=Destination 2 name my nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Banknotes have fine engravings to stop people copying them.
nsubj amod obj mark advcl obj acl obj punct root Banknotes NOUN have VERB fine ADJ engravings NOUN to PART stop VERB people NOUN copying VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Banknotes banknote NOUN Number=Plur 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 4 engravings amod 4 engravings engraving NOUN Number=Plur 2 have obj 5 to to PART _ 6 stop mark 6 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 have advcl 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 6 stop obj 8 copying copy VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 people acl 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 copying obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Banknotes fine engravings vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engraving=Patient 2 stop to-infinitive Banknotes not said here people vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality people=Eventuality 3 copy gerund people not said here people vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
Example 7 The engraving on the old gravestone was worn and hard to read.
det nsubj case det amod nmod cop cc conj mark xcomp punct root The DET engraving NOUN on ADP the DET old ADJ gravestone NOUN was AUX worn ADJ and CCONJ hard ADJ to PART read VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 engraving det 2 engraving engraving NOUN Number=Sing 8 worn nsubj 3 on on ADP _ 6 gravestone case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 gravestone det 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 gravestone amod 6 gravestone gravestone NOUN Number=Sing 2 engraving nmod 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 worn cop 8 worn worn ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 hard cc 10 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 8 worn conj 11 to to PART _ 12 read mark 12 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 hard xcomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 worn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the engraving on the old gravestone worn property tree rules 2 be the engraving on the old gravestone not said here tree rules 3 read to-infinitive the engraving on the old gravestone not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 In art we tried a kind of engraving by scratching pictures into a foam tile and printing it.
The tree, 18 words case obl nsubj det obj mark acl mark advcl obj case det compound obl cc conj nsubj punct root In ADP art NOUN we PRON tried VERB a DET kind NOUN of SCONJ engraving VERB by SCONJ scratching VERB pictures NOUN into ADP a DET foam NOUN tile NOUN and CCONJ printing NOUN it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 art case 2 art art NOUN Number=Sing 4 tried obl 3 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 tried nsubj 4 tried try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 kind det 6 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 4 tried obj 7 of of SCONJ _ 8 engraving mark 8 engraving engrave VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 kind acl 9 by by SCONJ _ 10 scratching mark 10 scratching scratch VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 engraving advcl 11 pictures picture NOUN Number=Plur 10 scratching obj 12 into into ADP _ 15 tile case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 tile det 14 foam foam NOUN Number=Sing 15 tile compound 15 tile tile NOUN Number=Sing 10 scratching obl 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 printing cc 17 printing printing NOUN Number=Sing 15 tile conj 18 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 printing nsubj 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 tried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try past we a kind art vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Eventuality 2 engrave gerund a kind not said here vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 scratch gerund a kind not said here pictures into a foam tile and printing result vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent picture=Patient into tile=Result 4 printing kind tree rules
Example 9 There was once a king's son who had a larger and more beautiful collection of books than any one else in the world, and full of splendid copper-plate engravings.
The tree, 31 words expl advmod det nmod:poss case nsubj nsubj acl:relcl det amod cc advmod conj obj case nmod case det nmod advmod case det nmod punct cc parataxis case amod compound punct compound obl punct root There PRON was VERB once ADV a DET king NOUN 's PART son NOUN who PRON had VERB a DET larger ADJ and CCONJ more ADV beautiful ADJ collection NOUN of ADP books NOUN than ADP any DET one NOUN else ADV in ADP the DET world NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ full ADJ of ADP splendid ADJ copper NOUN - PUNCT plate NOUN engravings NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 2 was advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 king det 5 king king NOUN Number=Sing 7 son nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 king case 7 son son NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 9 had nsubj 9 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 son acl:relcl 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 collection det 11 larger large ADJ Degree=Cmp 15 collection amod 12 and and CCONJ _ 14 beautiful cc 13 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 14 beautiful advmod 14 beautiful beautiful ADJ Degree=Pos 11 larger conj 15 collection collection NOUN Number=Sing 9 had obj 16 of of ADP _ 17 books case 17 books book NOUN Number=Plur 15 collection nmod 18 than than ADP _ 20 one case 19 any any DET PronType=Ind 20 one det 20 one one NOUN Number=Sing 17 books nmod 21 else else ADV _ 20 one advmod 22 in in ADP _ 24 world case 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 world det 24 world world NOUN Number=Sing 20 one nmod 25 , , PUNCT _ 27 full punct 26 and and CCONJ _ 27 full cc 27 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 2 was parataxis 28 of of ADP _ 33 engravings case 29 splendid splendid ADJ Degree=Pos 33 engravings amod 30 copper copper NOUN Number=Sing 32 plate compound 31 - - PUNCT _ 30 copper punct 32 plate plate NOUN Number=Sing 33 engravings compound 33 engravings engraving NOUN Number=Plur 27 full obl 34 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past a king's son there once property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 have past a king's son a larger collection of books than any one in the world vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent collection=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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