engulf Who acts: fog, feeling, Panic, Flames, huge wave, Thick fog · What happens: engulf, be, surround, swallow up, fill, die · To what, where: something, it, fog, you, him, old barn · Speech: someone speaks here
«engulf» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: engulf in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To engulf something is to cover or surround it completely, like a wave, flames or fog swallowing it up.
The tree, 19 words mark advcl obj cop mark cc conj obj advmod punct case det obl punct conj cc conj acl obj compound:prt punct root To PART engulf VERB something PRON is AUX to PART cover VERB or CCONJ surround VERB it PRON completely ADV , PUNCT like ADP a DET wave NOUN , PUNCT flames NOUN or CCONJ fog NOUN swallowing VERB it PRON up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 engulf mark 2 engulf engulf VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 cover advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 engulf obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 cover cop 5 to to PART _ 6 cover mark 6 cover cover VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 surround cc 8 surround surround VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 cover conj 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 surround obj 10 completely completely ADV _ 8 surround advmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 wave punct 12 like like ADP _ 14 wave case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 wave det 14 wave wave NOUN Number=Sing 8 surround obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 flames punct 16 flames flame NOUN Number=Plur 14 wave conj 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 fog cc 18 fog fog NOUN Number=Sing 14 wave conj 19 swallowing swallow VERB VerbForm=Ger 18 fog acl 20 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 swallowing obj 21 up up ADP _ 19 swallowing compound:prt 22 . . PUNCT _ 6 cover punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 engulf to-infinitive something vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Co-Theme 2 is present cover property tree rules 3 surround infinitive it like a wave and flames or fog; completely property vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme 4 swallow up gerund fog not said here fog vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 If a feeling engulfs you, it suddenly fills you completely: «Panic engulfed him».
The tree, 13 words mark det nsubj advcl obj punct nsubj advmod obj advmod punct punct nsubj parataxis obj punct punct root If SCONJ a DET feeling NOUN engulfs VERB you PRON , PUNCT it PRON suddenly ADV fills VERB you PRON completely ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT Panic PROPN engulfed VERB him PRON » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 engulfs mark 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 feeling det 3 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing 4 engulfs nsubj 4 engulfs engulf VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 fills advcl 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 engulfs obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 4 engulfs punct 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 fills nsubj 8 suddenly suddenly ADV _ 9 fills advmod 9 fills fill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 fills obj 11 completely completely ADV _ 9 fills advmod 12 : : PUNCT _ 15 engulfed punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 15 engulfed punct 14 Panic Panic PROPN Number=Sing 15 engulfed nsubj 15 engulfed engulf VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 fills parataxis 16 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 engulfed obj 17 » » PUNCT _ 15 engulfed punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 9 fills punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 engulf a condition, not said to happen present a feeling you vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme you=Co-Theme 2 fill present feeling you completely, suddenly property tree rules 3 engulf in a quote past Panic him = he vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme he=Co-Theme
Example 1 Flames engulfed the old barn.
nsubj det amod obj punct root Flames NOUN engulfed VERB the DET old ADJ barn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Flames flame NOUN Number=Plur 2 engulfed nsubj 2 engulfed engulf VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 barn det 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 barn amod 5 barn barn NOUN Number=Sing 2 engulfed obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 engulfed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 engulf past Flames the old barn vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme barn=Co-Theme
Example 2 A huge wave engulfed the sandcastle.
det amod acl det obj punct root A DET huge ADJ wave NOUN engulfed VERB the DET sandcastle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 wave det 2 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 3 wave amod 3 wave wave NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 engulfed engulf VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 wave acl 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 sandcastle det 6 sandcastle sandcastle NOUN Number=Sing 4 engulfed obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 wave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 engulf participle a huge wave not said here the sandcastle vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme sandcastle=Co-Theme
Example 3 Thick fog engulfed the town overnight.
amod nsubj det obj advmod punct root Thick ADJ fog NOUN engulfed VERB the DET town NOUN overnight ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thick thick ADJ Degree=Pos 2 fog amod 2 fog fog NOUN Number=Sing 3 engulfed nsubj 3 engulfed engulf VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 town det 5 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 engulfed obj 6 overnight overnight ADV _ 3 engulfed advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 engulfed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 engulf past Thick fog the town overnight property vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme town=Co-Theme
Example 4 Lava from the volcano engulfed the village.
nsubj case det nmod det obj punct root Lava NOUN from ADP the DET volcano NOUN engulfed VERB the DET village NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lava lava NOUN Number=Sing 5 engulfed nsubj 2 from from ADP _ 4 volcano case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 volcano det 4 volcano volcano NOUN Number=Sing 1 Lava nmod 5 engulfed engulf VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 village det 7 village village NOUN Number=Sing 5 engulfed obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 engulfed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 engulf past Lava from the volcano the village vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme village=Co-Theme
Example 5 A wave of sadness engulfed her when her dog died.
det nsubj case nmod obj mark nmod:poss nsubj advcl punct root A DET wave NOUN of ADP sadness NOUN engulfed VERB her PRON when SCONJ her PRON dog NOUN died VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 wave det 2 wave wave NOUN Number=Sing 5 engulfed nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 sadness case 4 sadness sadness NOUN Number=Sing 2 wave nmod 5 engulfed engulf VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 engulfed obj 7 when when SCONJ _ 10 died mark 8 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 dog nmod:poss 9 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 10 died nsubj 10 died die VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 engulfed advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 engulfed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 engulf past a wave of sadness her = she vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme she=Co-Theme 2 die past wave's dog vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 3 wave sadness nom wave «event transitive»: of=patient
Example 6 White blood cells engulf germs and destroy them.
amod compound nsubj obj cc conj obj punct root White ADJ blood NOUN cells NOUN engulf VERB germs NOUN and CCONJ destroy VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 White white ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cells amod 2 blood blood NOUN Number=Sing 3 cells compound 3 cells cell NOUN Number=Plur 4 engulf nsubj 4 engulf engulf VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 4 engulf obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 destroy cc 7 destroy destroy VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 engulf conj 8 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 destroy obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 engulf punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 engulf present White blood cells germs vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme germ=Co-Theme 2 destroy infinitive White blood cells not said here germs = germ vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
Example 7 The crowd engulfed the singer as she left the stage.
det nsubj det obj mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root The DET crowd NOUN engulfed VERB the DET singer NOUN as SCONJ she PRON left VERB the DET stage NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 crowd det 2 crowd crowd NOUN Number=Sing 3 engulfed nsubj 3 engulfed engulf VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 singer det 5 singer singer NOUN Number=Sing 3 engulfed obj 6 as as SCONJ _ 8 left mark 7 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 left nsubj 8 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 engulfed advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 stage det 10 stage stage NOUN Number=Sing 8 left obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 engulfed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 engulf past the crowd the singer vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme singer=Co-Theme 2 leave past crowd the stage vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stage=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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