epitaph

Who acts: words, Begone, you, epitaph · What happens: cut, say, lie, be, speak, write · To what, where: words, gravestone, epitaph, short epitaph, promises · Speech: someone speaks here

«epitaph» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: epitaph in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A short saying or words cut on a gravestone to say who lies there, and sometimes what they were like.

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 saying	det
2	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 saying	amod
3	saying	saying	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 words	cc
5	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 saying	conj
6	cut	cut	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 words	acl
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 gravestone	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 gravestone	det
9	gravestone	gravestone	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cut	obl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 say	mark
11	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 cut	advcl
12	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 lies	nsubj
13	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 say	ccomp
14	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	13 lies	advmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 like	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 like	cc
17	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	21 like	advmod
18	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	21 like	obj
19	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 like	nsubj
20	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 like	cop
21	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 saying	conj
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 saying	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	cut	participle		words not said here	a gravestone		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	say speech: assert	to-infinitive					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	lie	present			there		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	is	past	words = word			like, sometimes property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

"Away! Begone!" was all the epitaph he spoke.

Sentence 1: "Away!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Away	punct
2	Away	away	ADV	_	root	root
3	!	!	PUNCT	_	2 Away	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 2: Begone!" was all the epitaph he spoke.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Begone	Begone	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 epitaph	nsubj
2	!	!	PUNCT	_	1 Begone	punct
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	1 Begone	punct
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 epitaph	cop
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 epitaph	det:predet
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 epitaph	det
7	epitaph	epitaph	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 spoke	nsubj
9	spoke	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 epitaph	acl:relcl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 epitaph	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	past	Begone	all epitaph					tree rules
2	speak speech: other in a quote	past	Begone	all epitaph not said here					tree rules

Example 2

Write a short epitaph for the old king's stone.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Write	write	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 epitaph	det
3	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 epitaph	amod
4	epitaph	epitaph	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Write	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	10 stone	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 king	det
7	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 king	amod
8	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 stone	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 king	case
10	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Write	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Write	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	imperative	you not said here	a short epitaph				for the old king's stone	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent epitaph=Result for stone=Beneficiary

Example 3

Her epitaph said that she always kept her promises.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 epitaph	nmod:poss
2	epitaph	epitaph	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 said	nsubj
3	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 kept	mark
5	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 kept	nsubj
6	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	7 kept	advmod
7	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 said	ccomp
8	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 promises	nmod:poss
9	promises	promise	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 kept	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	Her epitaph			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	keep	past	epitaph	epitaph's promises	always property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promise=Theme
3	promise		epitaph			nom promise «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/E/epitaph/