exhortation Who acts: exhortation, speech, short talk, general, nobody, teacher · What happens: be, urge, do, encourage, live, prepare · To what, where: strong serious request, people, something, short talk, church services, soldiers
«exhortation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: exhortation in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
An exhortation is a strong, serious request or speech that urges people to do something.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod cc conj nsubj acl:relcl obj mark xcomp obj punct root An DET exhortation NOUN is AUX a DET strong ADJ , PUNCT serious ADJ request NOUN or CCONJ speech NOUN that PRON urges VERB people NOUN to PART do VERB something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 exhortation det 2 exhortation exhortation NOUN Number=Sing 8 request nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 request cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 request det 5 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 8 request amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 strong punct 7 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 8 request amod 8 request request NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 speech cc 10 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 8 request conj 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 urges nsubj 12 urges urge VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 speech acl:relcl 13 people people NOUN Number=Plur 12 urges obj 14 to to PART _ 15 do mark 15 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 urges xcomp 16 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 15 do obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 8 request punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a exhortation a strong serious request or speech tree rules 2 urge present speech people vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent people=Recipient clause=Topic 3 do not said to happen to-infinitive speech not said here something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.
In some church services, an exhortation is a short talk encouraging the people to live well or to prepare for prayer or communion.
The tree, 23 words case det compound obl punct det nsubj cop det amod acl det obj mark advcl advmod cc mark conj case obl cc conj punct root In ADP some DET church NOUN services NOUN , PUNCT an DET exhortation NOUN is AUX a DET short ADJ talk NOUN encouraging VERB the DET people NOUN to PART live VERB well ADV or CCONJ to PART prepare VERB for ADP prayer NOUN or CCONJ communion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 services case 2 some some DET PronType=Ind 4 services det 3 church church NOUN Number=Sing 4 services compound 4 services service NOUN Number=Plur 11 talk obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 services punct 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 exhortation det 7 exhortation exhortation NOUN Number=Sing 11 talk nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 talk cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 talk det 10 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 11 talk amod 11 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 encouraging encourage VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 talk acl 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 people det 14 people people NOUN Number=Plur 12 encouraging obj 15 to to PART _ 16 live mark 16 live live VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 encouraging advcl 17 well well ADV Degree=Pos 16 live advmod 18 or or CCONJ _ 20 prepare cc 19 to to PART _ 20 prepare mark 20 prepare prepare VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 live conj 21 for for ADP _ 22 prayer case 22 prayer prayer NOUN Number=Sing 20 prepare obl 23 or or CCONJ _ 24 communion cc 24 communion communion NOUN Number=Sing 22 prayer conj 25 . . PUNCT _ 11 talk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a exhortation a short talk some church services tree rules 2 encourage gerund a short talk not said here the people vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme 3 live to-infinitive a short talk not said here well property vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 prepare to-infinitive a short talk not said here for prayer or communion vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for prayer=Beneficiary
Example 1 The general's exhortation filled the soldiers with courage.
det nmod:poss case nsubj det obj case obl punct root The DET general NOUN 's PART exhortation NOUN filled VERB the DET soldiers NOUN with ADP courage NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 general det 2 general general NOUN Number=Sing 4 exhortation nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 general case 4 exhortation exhortation NOUN Number=Sing 5 filled nsubj 5 filled fill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 soldiers det 7 soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur 5 filled obj 8 with with ADP _ 9 courage case 9 courage courage NOUN Number=Sing 5 filled obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 filled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fill past the general's exhortation the soldiers with courage vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent soldier=Patient with courage=Instrument 2 exhort the general nom exhortation «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 Despite the teacher's exhortations, nobody tidied up.
case det nmod:poss case obl punct nsubj compound:prt punct root Despite ADP the DET teacher NOUN 's PART exhortations NOUN , PUNCT nobody PRON tidied VERB up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Despite despite ADP _ 5 exhortations case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 teacher det 3 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 5 exhortations nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 teacher case 5 exhortations exhortation NOUN Number=Plur 8 tidied obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 exhortations punct 7 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 8 tidied nsubj 8 tidied tidy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 up up ADP _ 8 tidied compound:prt 10 . . PUNCT _ 8 tidied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tidy up past nobody despite the teacher's exhortations tree rules 2 exhort the teacher nom exhortation «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 The preacher ended with an exhortation to love one another.
det nsubj case det obl mark advcl obj fixed punct root The DET preacher NOUN ended VERB with ADP an DET exhortation NOUN to PART love VERB one NUM another DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 preacher det 2 preacher preacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 ended nsubj 3 ended end VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 with with ADP _ 6 exhortation case 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 exhortation det 6 exhortation exhortation NOUN Number=Sing 3 ended obl 7 to to PART _ 8 love mark 8 love love VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 ended advcl 9 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 love obj 10 another another DET PronType=Ind 9 one fixed 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 ended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 end past the preacher with a exhortation vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector with exhortation=Subeventuality 2 love to-infinitive the preacher not said here one vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus
Example 4 Posters carried exhortations to save water.
nsubj obj mark advcl obj punct root Posters NOUN carried VERB exhortations NOUN to PART save VERB water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Posters poster NOUN Number=Plur 2 carried nsubj 2 carried carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 exhortations exhortation NOUN Number=Plur 2 carried obj 4 to to PART _ 5 save mark 5 save save VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 carried advcl 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 save obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 carried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry past Posters exhortations vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exhortation=Theme 2 save to-infinitive Posters not said here water vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
Example 5 The coach shouted exhortations from the side of the pitch.
det nsubj obj case det obl case det nmod punct root The DET coach NOUN shouted VERB exhortations NOUN from ADP the DET side NOUN of ADP the DET pitch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 coach det 2 coach coach NOUN Number=Sing 3 shouted nsubj 3 shouted shout VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 exhortations exhortation NOUN Number=Plur 3 shouted obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 side case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 side det 7 side side NOUN Number=Sing 3 shouted obl 8 of of ADP _ 10 pitch case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 pitch det 10 pitch pitch NOUN Number=Sing 7 side nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 shouted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shout speech: express past the coach exhortations the side of the pitch vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exhortation=Topic
Example 6 Paul's letters are full of exhortations to be kind and patient.
nmod:poss case nsubj cop case obl mark cop advcl cc conj punct root Paul PROPN 's PART letters NOUN are AUX full ADJ of ADP exhortations NOUN to PART be AUX kind ADJ and CCONJ patient ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Paul Paul PROPN Number=Sing 3 letters nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Paul case 3 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 5 full nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 full cop 5 full full ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 exhortations case 7 exhortations exhortation NOUN Number=Plur 5 full obl 8 to to PART _ 10 kind mark 9 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 10 kind cop 10 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 5 full advcl 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 patient cc 12 patient patient ADJ Degree=Pos 10 kind conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 full punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Paul's letters of exhortations; full property tree rules 2 is to-infinitive Paul's letters not said here kind property tree rules 3 be Paul's letters not said here tree rules 4 letter Paul nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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