exoskeleton Who acts: exoskeleton, hard outer covering, robotic exoskeleton, person, Crabs, We · What happens: be, support, protect, wear, help, walk · To what, where: hard outer covering, body, machine suit, outside, person, heavy things
«exoskeleton» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: exoskeleton in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An exoskeleton is a hard outer covering that supports and protects the body of animals such as insects, spiders, crabs and lobsters, instead of bones inside.
The tree, 26 words det nsubj cop det amod amod nsubj acl:relcl cc conj det obj case nmod case fixed nmod punct conj punct conj cc conj punct case fixed conj advmod punct root An DET exoskeleton NOUN is AUX a DET hard ADJ outer ADJ covering NOUN that PRON supports VERB and CCONJ protects VERB the DET body NOUN of ADP animals NOUN such ADJ as ADP insects NOUN , PUNCT spiders NOUN , PUNCT crabs NOUN and CCONJ lobsters NOUN , PUNCT instead ADV of ADP bones NOUN inside ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 exoskeleton det 2 exoskeleton exoskeleton NOUN Number=Sing 7 covering nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 covering cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 covering det 5 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 7 covering amod 6 outer outer ADJ Degree=Pos 7 covering amod 7 covering covering NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 supports nsubj 9 supports support VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 covering acl:relcl 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 protects cc 11 protects protect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 supports conj 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 body det 13 body body NOUN Number=Sing 11 protects obj 14 of of ADP _ 15 animals case 15 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 13 body nmod 16 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 18 insects case 17 as as ADP _ 16 such fixed 18 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 15 animals nmod 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 spiders punct 20 spiders spider NOUN Number=Plur 18 insects conj 21 , , PUNCT _ 22 crabs punct 22 crabs crab NOUN Number=Plur 18 insects conj 23 and and CCONJ _ 24 lobsters cc 24 lobsters lobster NOUN Number=Plur 18 insects conj 25 , , PUNCT _ 28 bones punct 26 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 28 bones case 27 of of ADP _ 26 instead fixed 28 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 9 supports conj 29 inside inside ADV _ 9 supports advmod 30 . . PUNCT _ 7 covering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a exoskeleton a hard outer covering tree rules 2 support present a hard outer covering inside property vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer 3 protect present a hard outer covering not said here the body of animals such insects and spiders and crabs and lobsters vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Beneficiary
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A robotic exoskeleton is a machine suit worn on the outside of the body to help a person walk or lift heavy things.
The tree, 23 words det amod nsubj cop det compound acl case det obl case det nmod mark advcl det obj xcomp cc conj amod obj punct root A DET robotic ADJ exoskeleton NOUN is AUX a DET machine NOUN suit NOUN worn VERB on ADP the DET outside NOUN of ADP the DET body NOUN to PART help VERB a DET person NOUN walk VERB or CCONJ lift VERB heavy ADJ things NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 exoskeleton det 2 robotic robotic ADJ Degree=Pos 3 exoskeleton amod 3 exoskeleton exoskeleton NOUN Number=Sing 7 suit nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 suit cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 suit det 6 machine machine NOUN Number=Sing 7 suit compound 7 suit suit NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 worn wear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 suit acl 9 on on ADP _ 11 outside case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 outside det 11 outside outside NOUN Number=Sing 8 worn obl 12 of of ADP _ 14 body case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 body det 14 body body NOUN Number=Sing 11 outside nmod 15 to to PART _ 16 help mark 16 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 worn advcl 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 person det 18 person person NOUN Number=Sing 16 help obj 19 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 help xcomp 20 or or CCONJ _ 21 lift cc 21 lift lift VERB VerbForm=Inf 19 walk conj 22 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 23 things amod 23 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 21 lift obj 24 . . PUNCT _ 7 suit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a robotic exoskeleton a machine suit tree rules 2 wear participle a machine suit not said here the outside of the body vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent 3 help to-infinitive a person vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent person=Beneficiary clause=Theme 4 walk infinitive a person not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 lift infinitive a person not said here heavy things vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme
Example 1 A beetle's exoskeleton is hard and shiny.
det nmod:poss case nsubj cop cc conj punct root A DET beetle NOUN 's PART exoskeleton NOUN is AUX hard ADJ and CCONJ shiny ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 beetle det 2 beetle beetle NOUN Number=Sing 4 exoskeleton nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 beetle case 4 exoskeleton exoskeleton NOUN Number=Sing 6 hard nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 hard cop 6 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 shiny cc 8 shiny shiny ADJ Degree=Pos 6 hard conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 hard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a beetle's exoskeleton hard property tree rules 2 be a beetle's exoskeleton not said here tree rules
Example 2 Crabs moult their exoskeleton as they grow.
nsubj nmod:poss obj mark nsubj advcl punct root Crabs NOUN moult VERB their PRON exoskeleton NOUN as SCONJ they PRON grow VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Crabs crab NOUN Number=Plur 2 moult nsubj 2 moult moult VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 exoskeleton nmod:poss 4 exoskeleton exoskeleton NOUN Number=Sing 2 moult obj 5 as as SCONJ _ 7 grow mark 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 grow nsubj 7 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 moult advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 moult punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 moult present Crabs Crabs's exoskeleton tree rules 2 grow present Crabs = crab vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 We have an endoskeleton, but insects have an exoskeleton.
nsubj det obj punct cc nsubj conj det obj punct root We PRON have VERB an DET endoskeleton NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ insects NOUN have VERB an DET exoskeleton NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 endoskeleton det 4 endoskeleton endoskeleton NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 have punct 6 but but CCONJ _ 8 have cc 7 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 8 have nsubj 8 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 have conj 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 exoskeleton det 10 exoskeleton exoskeleton NOUN Number=Sing 8 have obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present We a endoskeleton vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent endoskeleton=Patient 2 have present insects a exoskeleton vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exoskeleton=Patient
Example 4 The exoskeleton protects the spider's soft body.
det nsubj det nmod:poss case amod obj punct root The DET exoskeleton NOUN protects VERB the DET spider NOUN 's PART soft ADJ body NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 exoskeleton det 2 exoskeleton exoskeleton NOUN Number=Sing 3 protects nsubj 3 protects protect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 spider det 5 spider spider NOUN Number=Sing 8 body nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 spider case 7 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 8 body amod 8 body body NOUN Number=Sing 3 protects obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 protects punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 protect present the exoskeleton the spider's soft body vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Beneficiary
Example 5 A robotic exoskeleton helped the man walk again.
det amod nsubj det nsubj xcomp advmod punct root A DET robotic ADJ exoskeleton NOUN helped VERB the DET man NOUN walk VERB again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 exoskeleton det 2 robotic robotic ADJ Degree=Pos 3 exoskeleton amod 3 exoskeleton exoskeleton NOUN Number=Sing 4 helped nsubj 4 helped help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 man det 6 man man NOUN Number=Sing 7 walk nsubj 7 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 helped xcomp 8 again again ADV _ 7 walk advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 helped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help past a robotic exoskeleton vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 walk infinitive the man again vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 We found the empty exoskeleton of a cicada on a tree.
nsubj det amod obj case det nmod case det nmod punct root We PRON found VERB the DET empty ADJ exoskeleton NOUN of ADP a DET cicada NOUN on ADP a DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 found nsubj 2 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 exoskeleton det 4 empty empty ADJ Degree=Pos 5 exoskeleton amod 5 exoskeleton exoskeleton NOUN Number=Sing 2 found obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 cicada case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 cicada det 8 cicada cicada NOUN Number=Sing 5 exoskeleton nmod 9 on on ADP _ 11 tree case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 tree det 11 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 8 cicada nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past We the empty exoskeleton of a cicada on a tree vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exoskeleton=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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