expletive Who acts: expletive, that, It, He, newspaper, you · What happens: be, say, hurt, surprise, fill, mean · To what, where: swear word, word, place, sentence, cat, hammer · Speech: someone speaks here
«expletive» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: expletive in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An expletive is a swear word or rude exclamation, said when angry, hurt or surprised.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det compound cc amod conj punct parataxis mark xcomp punct ccomp cc conj punct root An DET expletive NOUN is AUX a DET swear NOUN word NOUN or CCONJ rude ADJ exclamation NOUN , PUNCT said VERB when SCONJ angry ADJ , PUNCT hurt VERB or CCONJ surprised VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 expletive det 2 expletive expletive NOUN Number=Sing 6 word nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 word cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 word det 5 swear swear NOUN Number=Sing 6 word compound 6 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 exclamation cc 8 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 9 exclamation amod 9 exclamation exclamation NOUN Number=Sing 6 word conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 said punct 11 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 word parataxis 12 when when SCONJ _ 13 angry mark 13 angry angry ADJ Degree=Pos 11 said xcomp 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 hurt punct 15 hurt hurt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 said ccomp 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 surprised cc 17 surprised surprise VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 hurt conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a expletive a swear word or rude exclamation tree rules 2 say speech: assert past angry property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 hurt participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 surprise participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.
An expletive is a word like «it» or «there» that fills a place in a sentence without meaning, as in «There is a cat» or «It is raining».
The tree, 28 words det nsubj cop det case punct nmod punct cc punct conj punct nsubj parataxis det obj case det obl mark advcl punct mark fixed punct expl cop det obj punct cc punct nsubj aux conj punct punct root An DET expletive NOUN is AUX a DET word NOUN like ADP « PUNCT it PRON » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT there ADV » PUNCT that PRON fills VERB a DET place NOUN in ADP a DET sentence NOUN without SCONJ meaning VERB , PUNCT as SCONJ in ADP « PUNCT There PRON is AUX a DET cat NOUN » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT It PRON is AUX raining VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 expletive det 2 expletive expletive NOUN Number=Sing 5 word nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 word cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 word det 5 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 like like ADP _ 8 it case 7 « « PUNCT _ 8 it punct 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 word nmod 9 » » PUNCT _ 8 it punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 there cc 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 there punct 12 there there ADV PronType=Dem 5 word conj 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 there punct 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 15 fills nsubj 15 fills fill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 word parataxis 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 place det 17 place place NOUN Number=Sing 15 fills obj 18 in in ADP _ 20 sentence case 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 sentence det 20 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 15 fills obl 21 without without SCONJ _ 22 meaning mark 22 meaning mean VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 15 fills advcl 23 , , PUNCT _ 30 cat punct 24 as as SCONJ _ 28 is mark 25 in in ADP _ 24 as fixed 26 « « PUNCT _ 28 is punct 27 There there PRON PronType=Dem 28 is expl 28 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 30 cat cop 29 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 30 cat det 30 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 22 meaning obj 31 » » PUNCT _ 30 cat punct 32 or or CCONJ _ 36 raining cc 33 « « PUNCT _ 36 raining punct 34 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 36 raining nsubj 35 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 36 raining aux 36 raining rain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 22 meaning conj 37 » » PUNCT _ 36 raining punct 38 . . PUNCT _ 5 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a expletive a word like word tree rules 2 fill present that a place a sentence vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent place=Patient 3 mean gerund that not said here vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 4 is a in a quote present a cat tree rules 5 rain in a quote present · progressive It vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Example 1 He dropped the hammer on his toe and let out an expletive.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss obl cc conj compound:prt det obj punct root He PRON dropped VERB the DET hammer NOUN on ADP his PRON toe NOUN and CCONJ let VERB out ADP an DET expletive NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 dropped nsubj 2 dropped drop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 hammer det 4 hammer hammer NOUN Number=Sing 2 dropped obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 toe case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 toe nmod:poss 7 toe toe NOUN Number=Sing 2 dropped obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 let cc 9 let let VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 dropped conj 10 out out ADP _ 9 let compound:prt 11 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 expletive det 12 expletive expletive NOUN Number=Sing 9 let obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 dropped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drop past He the hammer his toe vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hammer=Theme on toe=Destination 2 let out infinitive He not said here a expletive vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent expletive=Theme
Example 2 The newspaper replaced the expletive with stars.
det nsubj det obj case obl punct root The DET newspaper NOUN replaced VERB the DET expletive NOUN with ADP stars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 newspaper det 2 newspaper newspaper NOUN Number=Sing 3 replaced nsubj 3 replaced replace VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 expletive det 5 expletive expletive NOUN Number=Sing 3 replaced obj 6 with with ADP _ 7 stars case 7 stars star NOUN Number=Plur 3 replaced obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 replaced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 replace past the newspaper the expletive with stars vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme expletive=Location with star=Co-Theme
Example 3 Please don't use expletives in class.
discourse aux advmod obj case obl punct root Please INTJ do AUX n't PART use VERB expletives NOUN in ADP class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 4 use discourse 2 do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 use aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 use advmod 4 use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 5 expletives expletive NOUN Number=Plur 4 use obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 class case 7 class class NOUN Number=Sing 4 use obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not use imperative · do-support you not said here expletives class vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent expletive=Patient
Example 4 A string of expletives came from the angry driver.
det nsubj case nmod case det amod obl punct root A DET string NOUN of ADP expletives NOUN came VERB from ADP the DET angry ADJ driver NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 string det 2 string string NOUN Number=Sing 5 came nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 expletives case 4 expletives expletive NOUN Number=Plur 2 string nmod 5 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 from from ADP _ 9 driver case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 driver det 8 angry angry ADJ Degree=Pos 9 driver amod 9 driver driver NOUN Number=Sing 5 came obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past a string of expletives from the angry driver vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from driver=Initial_Location
Example 5 In «It is snowing», «it» is an expletive.
mark punct nsubj aux advcl punct punct punct nsubj punct cop det punct root In SCONJ « PUNCT It PRON is AUX snowing VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT it PRON » PUNCT is AUX an DET expletive NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in SCONJ _ 5 snowing mark 2 « « PUNCT _ 5 snowing punct 3 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 snowing nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 snowing aux 5 snowing snow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 13 expletive advcl 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 snowing punct 7 , , PUNCT _ 5 snowing punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 it punct 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 expletive nsubj 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 it punct 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 expletive cop 12 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 expletive det 13 expletive expletive NOUN Number=Sing root root 14 . . PUNCT _ 13 expletive punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 snow in a quote present · progressive It vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» 2 is a present it a expletive tree rules
Example 6 The coach shouted an expletive when the ball missed.
det nsubj det obj advmod det nsubj advcl punct root The DET coach NOUN shouted VERB an DET expletive NOUN when ADV the DET ball NOUN missed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 coach det 2 coach coach NOUN Number=Sing 3 shouted nsubj 3 shouted shout VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 expletive det 5 expletive expletive NOUN Number=Sing 3 shouted obj 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 missed advmod 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 ball det 8 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 9 missed nsubj 9 missed miss VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 shouted advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 shouted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shout speech: express past the coach a expletive vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent expletive=Topic 2 miss past the ball vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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