falsification Who acts: Falsification, facts, idea, science, company, scientist · What happens: change, show, be, test, work, fine · To what, where: facts, dishonest way, something, Falsification, important part, company · Speech: someone speaks here
«falsification» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: falsification in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Falsification is changing facts, documents, evidence or results in a dishonest way so that they show something untrue.
The tree, 18 words nsubj aux obj punct conj punct conj cc conj case det amod obl mark fixed nsubj advcl obj amod punct root Falsification NOUN is AUX changing VERB facts NOUN , PUNCT documents NOUN , PUNCT evidence NOUN or CCONJ results NOUN in ADP a DET dishonest ADJ way NOUN so SCONJ that SCONJ they PRON show VERB something PRON untrue ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Falsification falsification NOUN Number=Sing 3 changing nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 changing aux 3 changing change VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 3 changing obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 documents punct 6 documents document NOUN Number=Plur 4 facts conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 evidence punct 8 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 4 facts conj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 results cc 10 results result NOUN Number=Plur 4 facts conj 11 in in ADP _ 14 way case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 way det 13 dishonest dishonest ADJ Degree=Pos 14 way amod 14 way way NOUN Number=Sing 3 changing obl 15 so so SCONJ ExtPos=SCONJ 18 show mark 16 that that SCONJ _ 15 so fixed 17 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 show nsubj 18 show show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 changing advcl 19 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 18 show obj 20 untrue untrue ADJ Degree=Pos 19 something amod 21 . . PUNCT _ 3 changing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 change present · progressive Falsification facts and documents and evidence or results a dishonest way vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Patient 2 show present facts = fact something vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent something=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: science, philosophy — kept apart, not parsed.
Falsification is showing that an idea or theory is false by testing it, which is an important part of how science works.
The tree, 22 words nsubj aux mark det nsubj cc conj cop ccomp mark advcl obj punct nsubj cop det amod parataxis mark advmod nsubj advcl punct root Falsification NOUN is AUX showing VERB that SCONJ an DET idea NOUN or CCONJ theory NOUN is AUX false ADJ by SCONJ testing VERB it PRON , PUNCT which PRON is AUX an DET important ADJ part NOUN of SCONJ how ADV science NOUN works VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Falsification falsification NOUN Number=Sing 3 showing nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 showing aux 3 showing show VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 10 false mark 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 idea det 6 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 10 false nsubj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 theory cc 8 theory theory NOUN Number=Sing 6 idea conj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 false cop 10 false false ADJ Degree=Pos 3 showing ccomp 11 by by SCONJ _ 12 testing mark 12 testing test VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 false advcl 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 testing obj 14 , , PUNCT _ 19 part punct 15 which which PRON PronType=Rel 19 part nsubj 16 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 part cop 17 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 part det 18 important important ADJ Degree=Pos 19 part amod 19 part part NOUN Number=Sing 3 showing parataxis 20 of of SCONJ _ 23 works mark 21 how how ADV PronType=Int 23 works advmod 22 science science NOUN Number=Sing 23 works nsubj 23 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 part advcl 24 . . PUNCT _ 3 showing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present · progressive Falsification vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present a idea or theory false property tree rules 3 test gerund a idea or theory not said here Falsification vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme 4 is a present a important part tree rules 5 work present science vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The company was fined for falsification of its accounts.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl case nmod:poss nmod punct root The DET company NOUN was AUX fined VERB for ADP falsification NOUN of ADP its PRON accounts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 company det 2 company company NOUN Number=Sing 4 fined nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 fined aux:pass 4 fined fine VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 for for ADP _ 6 falsification case 6 falsification falsification NOUN Number=Sing 4 fined obl 7 of of ADP _ 9 accounts case 8 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 accounts nmod:poss 9 accounts account NOUN Number=Plur 6 falsification nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 fined punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fine past · passive the company for falsification of company's accounts vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient 2 falsify company's accounts nom falsification «cognition transitive»: of=patient 3 account company nom account «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 Falsification of exam results is serious cheating.
nsubj case compound nmod cop amod punct root Falsification NOUN of ADP exam NOUN results NOUN is AUX serious ADJ cheating NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Falsification falsification NOUN Number=Sing 7 cheating nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 4 results case 3 exam exam NOUN Number=Sing 4 results compound 4 results result NOUN Number=Plur 1 Falsification nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cheating cop 6 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cheating amod 7 cheating cheating NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 cheating punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Falsification of exam results serious cheating tree rules 2 falsify exam results nom falsification «cognition transitive»: of=patient
Example 3 The scientist lost her job for falsification of data.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj case obl case nmod punct root The DET scientist NOUN lost VERB her PRON job NOUN for ADP falsification NOUN of ADP data NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 scientist det 2 scientist scientist NOUN Number=Sing 3 lost nsubj 3 lost lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 job nmod:poss 5 job job NOUN Number=Sing 3 lost obj 6 for for ADP _ 7 falsification case 7 falsification falsification NOUN Number=Sing 3 lost obl 8 of of ADP _ 9 data case 9 data data NOUN Number=Sing 7 falsification nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 lost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose past the scientist scientist's job for falsification of data vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality 2 job scientist nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent 3 falsify data nom falsification «cognition transitive»: of=patient
Example 4 Old photos were edited in a falsification of history.
amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl case nmod punct root Old ADJ photos NOUN were AUX edited VERB in ADP a DET falsification NOUN of ADP history NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Old old ADJ Degree=Pos 2 photos amod 2 photos photo NOUN Number=Plur 4 edited nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 edited aux:pass 4 edited edit VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 falsification case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 falsification det 7 falsification falsification NOUN Number=Sing 4 edited obl 8 of of ADP _ 9 history case 9 history history NOUN Number=Sing 7 falsification nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 edited punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 edit past · passive Old photos a falsification of history tree rules 2 falsify history nom falsification «cognition transitive»: of=patient
Example 5 One black swan was enough for the falsification of «all swans are white».
The tree, 13 words nummod amod nsubj cop advmod case det mark punct det nsubj cop advcl punct punct root One NUM black ADJ swan NOUN was AUX enough ADV for ADP the DET falsification NOUN of SCONJ « PUNCT all DET swans NOUN are AUX white ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 swan nummod 2 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 3 swan amod 3 swan swan NOUN Number=Sing 8 falsification nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 falsification cop 5 enough enough ADV _ 8 falsification advmod 6 for for ADP _ 8 falsification case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 falsification det 8 falsification falsification NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of SCONJ _ 14 white mark 10 « « PUNCT _ 14 white punct 11 all all DET PronType=Tot 12 swans det 12 swans swan NOUN Number=Plur 14 white nsubj 13 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 white cop 14 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 8 falsification advcl 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 white punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 8 falsification punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past One black swan for the falsification; enough property tree rules 2 is in a quote present all swans white property tree rules
Example 6 The police found falsification of the passport.
det nsubj obj case det nmod punct root The DET police NOUN found VERB falsification NOUN of ADP the DET passport NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 police det 2 police police NOUN Number=Plur 3 found nsubj 3 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 falsification falsification NOUN Number=Sing 3 found obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 passport case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 passport det 7 passport passport NOUN Number=Sing 4 falsification nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past the police falsification of the passport vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent falsification=Topic 2 falsify the passport nom falsification «cognition transitive»: of=patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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