fingerspell Who acts: letter, word, We, our, She, you · What happens: fingerspell, be, use, have, letter, learn · To what, where: hand shapes, sign language, sign, names, BSL, name
«fingerspell» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: fingerspell in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To fingerspell is to spell out a word letter by letter using hand shapes in sign language, for example a name or a word that has no sign.
The tree, 28 words mark csubj cop mark compound:prt det compound obj case nmod acl compound obj case compound obl punct case obl det appos cc det conj nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct root To PART fingerspell VERB is AUX to PART spell VERB out ADP a DET word NOUN letter NOUN by ADP letter NOUN using VERB hand NOUN shapes NOUN in ADP sign NOUN language NOUN , PUNCT for ADP example NOUN a DET name NOUN or CCONJ a DET word NOUN that PRON has VERB no DET sign NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 fingerspell mark 2 fingerspell fingerspell VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 spell csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 spell cop 4 to to PART _ 5 spell mark 5 spell spell VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 out out ADP _ 5 spell compound:prt 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 letter det 8 word word NOUN Number=Sing 9 letter compound 9 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 5 spell obj 10 by by ADP _ 11 letter case 11 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 9 letter nmod 12 using use VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 letter acl 13 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 14 shapes compound 14 shapes shape NOUN Number=Plur 12 using obj 15 in in ADP _ 17 language case 16 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 17 language compound 17 language language NOUN Number=Sing 12 using obl 18 , , PUNCT _ 20 example punct 19 for for ADP _ 20 example case 20 example example NOUN Number=Sing 5 spell obl 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 name det 22 name name NOUN Number=Sing 20 example appos 23 or or CCONJ _ 25 word cc 24 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 25 word det 25 word word NOUN Number=Sing 22 name conj 26 that that PRON PronType=Rel 27 has nsubj 27 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 25 word acl:relcl 28 no no DET PronType=Neg 29 sign det 29 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 27 has obj 30 . . PUNCT _ 5 spell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fingerspell to-infinitive tree rules 2 is present for example; spell property tree rules 3 use gerund letter not said here hand shapes sign language vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shape=Patient 4 have present a word no sign vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Patient 5 letter letter nom letter «communication transitive»: by=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 We learnt to fingerspell our names in BSL.
nsubj mark xcomp nmod:poss obj case obl punct root We PRON learnt VERB to PART fingerspell VERB our PRON names NOUN in ADP BSL PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 learnt nsubj 2 learnt learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 fingerspell mark 4 fingerspell fingerspell VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 learnt xcomp 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 names nmod:poss 6 names name NOUN Number=Plur 4 fingerspell obj 7 in in ADP _ 8 BSL case 8 BSL BSL PROPN Number=Sing 4 fingerspell obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 learnt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past We vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 fingerspell to-infinitive We not said here our names BSL tree rules 3 name our nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 She fingerspelled the name of her town.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root She PRON fingerspelled VERB the DET name NOUN of ADP her PRON town NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 fingerspelled nsubj 2 fingerspelled fingerspell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 name det 4 name name NOUN Number=Sing 2 fingerspelled obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 town case 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 town nmod:poss 7 town town NOUN Number=Sing 4 name nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 fingerspelled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fingerspell past She the name of her town tree rules 2 name her town nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 3 In ASL you fingerspell with one hand.
case obl nsubj case nummod obl punct root In ADP ASL PROPN you PRON fingerspell VERB with ADP one NUM hand NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 ASL case 2 ASL ASL PROPN Number=Sing 4 fingerspell obl 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 fingerspell nsubj 4 fingerspell fingerspell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 with with ADP _ 7 hand case 6 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 hand nummod 7 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 4 fingerspell obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 fingerspell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fingerspell present you ASL with one hand tree rules
Example 4 Can you fingerspell «cat»?
aux nsubj punct obj punct punct root Can AUX you PRON fingerspell VERB « PUNCT cat NOUN » PUNCT ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 fingerspell aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 fingerspell nsubj 3 fingerspell fingerspell VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 cat punct 5 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 3 fingerspell obj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 cat punct 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 fingerspell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fingerspell can you cat tree rules
Example 5 Names are often fingerspelt because they have no sign.
nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root Names NOUN are AUX often ADV fingerspelt VERB because SCONJ they PRON have VERB no DET sign NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Names name NOUN Number=Plur 4 fingerspelt nsubj:pass 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 fingerspelt aux:pass 3 often often ADV _ 4 fingerspelt advmod 4 fingerspelt fingerspelt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 because because SCONJ _ 7 have mark 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 have nsubj 7 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 fingerspelt advcl 8 no no DET PronType=Neg 9 sign det 9 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 7 have obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 fingerspelt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fingerspelt present · passive Names often property tree rules 2 have present Names = name no sign vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Patient
Example 6 Our class practised fingerspelling every morning.
nmod:poss nsubj obj det obl:unmarked punct root Our PRON class NOUN practised VERB fingerspelling NOUN every DET morning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 class nmod:poss 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 practised nsubj 3 practised practise VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 fingerspelling fingerspelling NOUN Number=Sing 3 practised obj 5 every every DET PronType=Tot 6 morning det 6 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 3 practised obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 practised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 practise participle Our class fingerspelling morning tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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