firefly Who acts: small flying beetle, name, insect, We, fireflies, firefly · What happens: fly, glow, use, make, light, watch · To what, where: own light, fireflies, meadow, light, patterns, partner
«firefly» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: firefly in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A small flying beetle whose tail glows with a soft light at night.
det amod amod nsubj nmod:poss nsubj case det amod obl case obl punct root A DET small ADJ flying VERB beetle NOUN whose PRON tail NOUN glows VERB with ADP a DET soft ADJ light NOUN at ADP night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 beetle det 2 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 4 beetle amod 3 flying fly VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 beetle amod 4 beetle beetle NOUN Number=Sing 7 glows nsubj 5 whose whose PRON Poss=Yes PronType=Rel 6 tail nmod:poss 6 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 7 glows nsubj 7 glows glow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 with with ADP _ 11 light case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 light det 10 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 11 light amod 11 light light NOUN Number=Sing 7 glows obl 12 at at ADP _ 13 night case 13 night night NOUN Number=Sing 7 glows obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 glows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly gerund vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 glow present a small flying beetle night with a soft light vn light_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with light=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Another name some people use for a glow-worm or any insect that makes its own light.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj det nsubj case det compound punct obl cc det conj nsubj acl:relcl nmod:poss amod obj punct root Another DET name NOUN some DET people NOUN use VERB for ADP a DET glow NOUN - PUNCT worm NOUN or CCONJ any DET insect NOUN that PRON makes VERB its PRON own ADJ light NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Another another DET PronType=Ind 2 name det 2 name name NOUN Number=Sing 5 use nsubj 3 some some DET PronType=Ind 4 people det 4 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 use nsubj 5 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 for for ADP _ 10 worm case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 worm det 8 glow glow NOUN Number=Sing 10 worm compound 9 - - PUNCT _ 8 glow punct 10 worm worm NOUN Number=Sing 5 use obl 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 insect cc 12 any any DET PronType=Ind 13 insect det 13 insect insect NOUN Number=Sing 10 worm conj 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 15 makes nsubj 15 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 insect acl:relcl 16 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 18 light nmod:poss 17 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 18 light amod 18 light light NOUN Number=Sing 15 makes obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present another name for a glow worm or any insect vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 make present any insect name's own light vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset light=Product 3 light name nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 We watched fireflies blinking over the meadow on a warm summer night.
nsubj obj acl case det obl case det amod compound obl punct root We PRON watched VERB fireflies NOUN blinking VERB over ADP the DET meadow NOUN on ADP a DET warm ADJ summer NOUN night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 watched nsubj 2 watched watch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 fireflies firefly NOUN Number=Plur 2 watched obj 4 blinking blink VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 fireflies acl 5 over over ADP _ 7 meadow case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 meadow det 7 meadow meadow NOUN Number=Sing 4 blinking obl 8 on on ADP _ 12 night case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 night det 10 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 12 night amod 11 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 12 night compound 12 night night NOUN Number=Sing 4 blinking obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 watched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 watch past We fireflies vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent firefly=Theme 2 blink gerund fireflies not said here the meadow night vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over meadow=Location
Example 2 A firefly makes light without getting hot.
det nsubj obj mark advcl xcomp punct root A DET firefly NOUN makes VERB light NOUN without SCONJ getting VERB hot ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 firefly det 2 firefly firefly NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes nsubj 3 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 light light NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes obj 5 without without SCONJ _ 6 getting mark 6 getting get VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 makes advcl 7 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 6 getting xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present a firefly light vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset light=Product 2 get gerund a firefly not said here hot property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 3 Fireflies flash in patterns to find a partner.
nsubj case obl mark advcl det obj punct root Fireflies NOUN flash VERB in ADP patterns NOUN to PART find VERB a DET partner NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fireflies firefly NOUN Number=Plur 2 flash nsubj 2 flash flash VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 patterns case 4 patterns pattern NOUN Number=Plur 2 flash obl 5 to to PART _ 6 find mark 6 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 flash advcl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 partner det 8 partner partner NOUN Number=Sing 6 find obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 flash punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flash present Fireflies patterns vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pattern=Location 2 find to-infinitive Fireflies not said here a partner vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent partner=Topic
Example 4 My little brother caught a firefly in his hands and then let it go.
The tree, 14 words nmod:poss amod nsubj det obj case nmod:poss obl cc advmod conj obj xcomp punct root My PRON little ADJ brother NOUN caught VERB a DET firefly NOUN in ADP his PRON hands NOUN and CCONJ then ADV let VERB it PRON go VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brother nmod:poss 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 4 caught nsubj 4 caught catch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 firefly det 6 firefly firefly NOUN Number=Sing 4 caught obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 hands case 8 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 hands nmod:poss 9 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 4 caught obl 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 let cc 11 then then ADV PronType=Dem 12 let advmod 12 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 caught conj 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 let obj 14 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 let xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 caught punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 catch past My little brother a firefly brother's hands vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent firefly=Theme 2 let infinitive My little brother not said here firefly then tree rules 3 go infinitive firefly not said here vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Fireflies are not flies at all; they are beetles.
nsubj cop advmod case nmod punct nsubj cop conj punct root Fireflies NOUN are AUX not PART flies NOUN at ADP all DET ; PUNCT they PRON are AUX beetles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fireflies firefly NOUN Number=Plur 4 flies nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 flies cop 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 flies advmod 4 flies fly NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 at at ADP _ 6 all case 6 all all DET PronType=Tot 4 flies nmod 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 beetles punct 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 beetles nsubj 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 beetles cop 10 beetles beetle NOUN Number=Plur 4 flies conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 flies punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is a present Fireflies flies and beetles all tree rules 2 is a present Fireflies = firefly beetles tree rules
Example 6 In the story, the lost girl followed the fireflies home.
case det obl punct det amod nsubj det obj advmod punct root In ADP the DET story NOUN , PUNCT the DET lost VERB girl NOUN followed VERB the DET fireflies NOUN home ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 story case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 story det 3 story story NOUN Number=Sing 8 followed obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 story punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 girl det 6 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 girl amod 7 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 8 followed nsubj 8 followed follow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 fireflies det 10 fireflies firefly NOUN Number=Plur 8 followed obj 11 home home ADV _ 8 followed advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 followed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose participle vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 follow past the lost girl the fireflies the story home property vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent firefly=Theme in story=Trajectory
Example 7 If you put fireflies in a jar, make holes in the lid and free them soon.
The tree, 16 words mark nsubj advcl obj case det obl punct obj case det nmod cc amod obj advmod punct root If SCONJ you PRON put VERB fireflies NOUN in ADP a DET jar NOUN , PUNCT make VERB holes NOUN in ADP the DET lid NOUN and CCONJ free ADJ them PRON soon ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 put mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 put nsubj 3 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 make advcl 4 fireflies firefly NOUN Number=Plur 3 put obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 jar case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 jar det 7 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 3 put obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 3 put punct 9 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 10 holes hole NOUN Number=Plur 9 make obj 11 in in ADP _ 13 lid case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 lid det 13 lid lid NOUN Number=Sing 10 holes nmod 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 free cc 15 free free ADJ Degree=Pos 13 lid amod 16 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 free obj 17 soon soon ADV Degree=Pos 9 make advmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 9 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put a condition, not said to happen present you fireflies a jar vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent firefly=Theme in jar=Destination 2 make imperative you not said here holes the lid soon property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hole=Product
Example 8 Great suns spurted fire about, splendid fireflies flew into the blue air, and everything was reflected in the clear, calm sea beneath.
The tree, 22 words amod nsubj acl obj advmod punct amod nsubj case det amod obl punct cc nsubj:pass aux:pass conj case det amod punct amod obl advmod punct root Great ADJ suns NOUN spurted VERB fire NOUN about ADV , PUNCT splendid ADJ fireflies NOUN flew VERB into ADP the DET blue ADJ air NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ everything PRON was AUX reflected VERB in ADP the DET clear ADJ , PUNCT calm ADJ sea NOUN beneath ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Great great ADJ Degree=Pos 2 suns amod 2 suns sun NOUN Number=Plur 9 flew nsubj 3 spurted spurt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 suns acl 4 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 3 spurted obj 5 about about ADV _ 3 spurted advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 fireflies punct 7 splendid splendid ADJ Degree=Pos 8 fireflies amod 8 fireflies firefly NOUN Number=Plur 9 flew nsubj 9 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 into into ADP _ 13 air case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 air det 12 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 13 air amod 13 air air NOUN Number=Sing 9 flew obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 reflected punct 15 and and CCONJ _ 18 reflected cc 16 everything everything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 18 reflected nsubj:pass 17 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 18 reflected aux:pass 18 reflected reflect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 flew conj 19 in in ADP _ 24 sea case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 sea det 21 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos 24 sea amod 22 , , PUNCT _ 21 clear punct 23 calm calm ADJ Degree=Pos 24 sea amod 24 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 18 reflected obl 25 beneath beneath ADV _ 18 reflected advmod 26 . . PUNCT _ 9 flew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spurt participle Great suns not said here fire about property vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent fire=Theme 2 fly past Great suns into the blue air result vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into air=Result 3 reflect past · passive everything the clear calm sea beneath property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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