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firm

Who acts: firm, you, jelly, we, teacher, pears · What happens: press in, move, change, be, hold, stop · To what, where: company, rail, stairs, bleeding, jelly, firm ground

«firm» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: firm in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Solid and not soft; hard to press in or move: a firm mattress, firm ground.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 hard	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 soft	cc
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 soft	advmod
4	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Solid	conj
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 hard	punct
6	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 press	mark
8	press	press	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 hard	xcomp
9	in	in	ADP	_	8 press	compound:prt
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 move	cc
11	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 press	conj
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	15 mattress	punct
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 mattress	det
14	firm	firm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 mattress	amod
15	mattress	mattress	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hard	parataxis
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 ground	punct
17	firm	firm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 ground	amod
18	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 mattress	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 hard	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	press in	to-infinitive							vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
2	move	infinitive							vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Strong and steady: a firm grip, a firm handshake.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 grip	amod
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 steady	cc
3	steady	steady	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Strong	conj
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 grip	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 grip	det
6	firm	firm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 grip	amod
7	grip	grip	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 handshake	punct
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 handshake	det
10	firm	firm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 handshake	amod
11	handshake	handshake	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 grip	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 grip	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 3

Not likely to change; definite: a firm decision, a firm friend.

The tree, 11 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	2 likely	advmod
2	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 change	mark
4	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 likely	xcomp
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 definite	punct
6	definite	definite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 likely	conj
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 decision	punct
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 decision	det
9	firm	firm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 decision	amod
10	decision	decision	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 likely	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 friend	punct
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 friend	det
13	firm	firm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 friend	amod
14	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 decision	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 likely	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	to-infinitive							vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Meaning 4

Strict but fair: a firm teacher.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Strict	strict	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
2	but	but	CCONJ	_	3 fair	cc
3	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Strict	conj
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 teacher	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 teacher	det
6	firm	firm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 teacher	amod
7	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Strict	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Strict	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 5

As a noun, a firm is a company or business.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	ADP	_	3 noun	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 noun	det
3	noun	noun	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 company	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 noun	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 firm	det
6	firm	firm	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 company	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 company	cop
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 company	det
9	company	company	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 business	cc
11	business	business	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 company	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 company	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a firm	a company or business				as a noun	tree rules

Example 1

Hold the rail firmly on the stairs.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 rail	det
3	rail	rail	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Hold	obj
4	firmly	firmly	ADV	_	1 Hold	advmod
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 stairs	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 stairs	det
7	stairs	stair	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Hold	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Hold	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	imperative	you not said here	the rail		the stairs		firmly property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent rail=Theme on stair=Location

Example 2

Press firmly on the cut to stop the bleeding.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Press	press	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cut	nsubj
2	firmly	firmly	ADV	_	5 cut	advmod
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 cut	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 cut	det
5	cut	cut	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 stop	mark
7	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 cut	acl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 bleeding	det
9	bleeding	bleeding	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 stop	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 cut	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	to-infinitive		the bleeding					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality bleeding=Eventuality

Example 3

The jelly is firm now, so we can eat it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 jelly	det
2	jelly	jelly	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 firm	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 firm	cop
4	firm	firm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	4 firm	advmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 eat	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	10 eat	advmod
8	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 eat	nsubj
9	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 eat	aux
10	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 firm	parataxis
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 eat	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 firm	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the jelly				now	firm property	tree rules
2	eat	can	we	jelly					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Example 4

Our teacher is firm but fair.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 teacher	nmod:poss
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 firm	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 firm	cop
4	firm	firm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	6 fair	cc
6	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 firm	conj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 firm	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Our teacher					firm property	tree rules
2	be		Our teacher not said here						tree rules

Example 5

The pears aren't ripe yet; they're still firm.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pears	det
2	pears	pear	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 ripe	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 ripe	cop
4	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 ripe	advmod
5	ripe	ripe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	yet	yet	ADV	_	5 ripe	advmod
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 firm	punct
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 firm	nsubj
9	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 firm	cop
10	still	still	ADV	_	11 firm	advmod
11	firm	firm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 ripe	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 ripe	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	present	the pears				yet	ripe property	tree rules
2	is	present	pears = pear				still	firm property	tree rules

Example 6

We stayed on firm ground away from the bog.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 stayed	nsubj
2	stayed	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 ground	case
4	firm	firm	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ground	compound
5	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stayed	obl
6	away	away	ADV	_	2 stayed	advmod
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 bog	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 bog	det
9	bog	bog	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 away	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 stayed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	past	We			firm ground		away property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on ground=Location

Example 7

My dad works for a law firm.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 dad	nmod:poss
2	dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 works	nsubj
3	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	7 firm	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 firm	det
6	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 firm	compound
7	firm	firm	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 works	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 works	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	work	present	My dad					for a law firm	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for firm=Beneficiary

Example 8

Pizza is a firm favourite in our house.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pizza	pizza	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 favourite	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 favourite	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 favourite	det
4	firm	firm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 favourite	amod
5	favourite	favourite	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 house	case
7	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 house	nmod:poss
8	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 favourite	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 favourite	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Pizza	a firm favourite		our house			tree rules

Example 9

The boy stood firm and still.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stood	nsubj
3	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	firm	firm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 stood	xcomp
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 still	cc
6	still	still	ADV	_	4 firm	conj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 stood	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand	past	the boy					firm property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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