formal Who acts: Formal, Formal clothes, Formal language, We, wedding, He · What happens: mean, follow, use, be, wear, do · To what, where: serious proper rules, important situations, smart clothes, proper way, formal letter, council
«formal» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: formal in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Formal means serious and following proper rules, used in important or official situations.
The tree, 13 words nsubj amod cc conj amod obj punct acl case amod cc conj obl punct root Formal ADJ means VERB serious ADJ and CCONJ following VERB proper ADJ rules NOUN , PUNCT used VERB in ADP important ADJ or CCONJ official ADJ situations NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 7 rules amod 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 following cc 5 following follow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 serious conj 6 proper proper ADJ Degree=Pos 7 rules amod 7 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 2 means obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 used punct 9 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 rules acl 10 in in ADP _ 14 situations case 11 important important ADJ Degree=Pos 14 situations amod 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 official cc 13 official official ADJ Degree=Pos 11 important conj 14 situations situation NOUN Number=Plur 9 used obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Formal serious proper rules vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Topic 2 follow gerund Formal not said here vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 use participle serious proper rules not said here important situations vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Formal clothes are smart clothes worn for special events.
amod nsubj cop amod acl case amod obl punct root Formal ADJ clothes NOUN are AUX smart ADJ clothes NOUN worn VERB for ADP special ADJ events NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 2 clothes amod 2 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 5 clothes nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 clothes cop 4 smart smart ADJ Degree=Pos 5 clothes amod 5 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan root root 6 worn wear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 clothes acl 7 for for ADP _ 9 events case 8 special special ADJ Degree=Pos 9 events amod 9 events event NOUN Number=Plur 6 worn obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 clothes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Formal clothes smart clothes tree rules 2 wear participle smart clothes not said here for special events vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Formal language is polite and careful, not chatty or slangy.
amod nsubj cop cc conj punct advmod parataxis cc conj punct root Formal ADJ language NOUN is AUX polite ADJ and CCONJ careful ADJ , PUNCT not PART chatty ADJ or CCONJ slangy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 2 language amod 2 language language NOUN Number=Sing 4 polite nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 polite cop 4 polite polite ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 careful cc 6 careful careful ADJ Degree=Pos 4 polite conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 chatty punct 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 chatty advmod 9 chatty chatty ADJ Degree=Pos 4 polite parataxis 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 slangy cc 11 slangy slangy ADJ Degree=Pos 9 chatty conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 polite punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Formal language polite property tree rules 2 be Formal language not said here tree rules
Meaning 4 Formal can mean official, done in the proper way.
nsubj aux xcomp punct conj case det amod obl punct root Formal NOUN can AUX mean VERB official ADJ , PUNCT done VERB in ADP the DET proper ADJ way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Formal formal NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 official official ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mean xcomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 done punct 6 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 official conj 7 in in ADP _ 10 way case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 way det 9 proper proper ADJ Degree=Pos 10 way amod 10 way way NOUN Number=Sing 6 done obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Formal official property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 do participle Formal not said here the proper way vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 We wrote a formal letter to the council about the park.
nsubj det amod obj case det obl case det nmod punct root We PRON wrote VERB a DET formal ADJ letter NOUN to ADP the DET council NOUN about ADP the DET park NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 wrote nsubj 2 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 letter det 4 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 5 letter amod 5 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 2 wrote obj 6 to to ADP _ 8 council case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 council det 8 council council NOUN Number=Sing 2 wrote obl 9 about about ADP _ 11 park case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 park det 11 park park NOUN Number=Sing 8 council nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 wrote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past We a formal letter the council about the park vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent letter=Topic to council=Recipient
Example 2 The wedding was very formal.
det nsubj cop advmod punct root The DET wedding NOUN was AUX very ADV formal ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 wedding det 2 wedding wedding NOUN Number=Sing 5 formal nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 formal cop 4 very very ADV _ 5 formal advmod 5 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 formal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the wedding formal property tree rules
Example 3 He wore a formal suit and tie.
nsubj det amod obj cc conj punct root He PRON wore VERB a DET formal ADJ suit NOUN and CCONJ tie NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 wore nsubj 2 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 suit det 4 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 5 suit amod 5 suit suit NOUN Number=Sing 2 wore obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 tie cc 7 tie tie NOUN Number=Sing 5 suit conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear past He a formal suit and tie vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent suit=Theme
Example 4 Use formal language when you write to the head teacher.
amod obj advmod nsubj advcl case det compound obl punct root Use VERB formal ADJ language NOUN when ADV you PRON write VERB to ADP the DET head NOUN teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 3 language amod 3 language language NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obj 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 write advmod 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 write nsubj 6 write write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Use advcl 7 to to ADP _ 10 teacher case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 teacher det 9 head head NOUN Number=Sing 10 teacher compound 10 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 6 write obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here formal language vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient 2 write present you the head teacher vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V PP.recipient PP.topic»: agent=Agent to teacher=Recipient
Example 5 Use the formal written method for long multiplication.
det amod amod obj case amod nmod punct root Use VERB the DET formal ADJ written VERB method NOUN for ADP long ADJ multiplication NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 method det 3 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 5 method amod 4 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 method amod 5 method method NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obj 6 for for ADP _ 8 multiplication case 7 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 8 multiplication amod 8 multiplication multiplication NOUN Number=Sing 5 method nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here the formal written method for long multiplication vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent method=Theme for multiplication=Eventuality 2 write participle vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 We got a formal invitation to the school concert.
nsubj det amod obj case det compound nmod punct root We PRON got VERB a DET formal ADJ invitation NOUN to ADP the DET school NOUN concert NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 got nsubj 2 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 invitation det 4 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 5 invitation amod 5 invitation invitation NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obj 6 to to ADP _ 9 concert case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 concert det 8 school school NOUN Number=Sing 9 concert compound 9 concert concert NOUN Number=Sing 5 invitation nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past We a formal invitation to the school concert vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer invitation=Stimulus
Example 7 «Hello» is more formal than «Hiya».
punct discourse punct cop advmod case punct obl punct punct root « PUNCT Hello INTJ » PUNCT is AUX more ADV formal ADJ than ADP « PUNCT Hiya PROPN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Hello punct 2 Hello hello INTJ _ 6 formal discourse 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Hello punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 formal cop 5 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 6 formal advmod 6 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 than than ADP _ 9 Hiya case 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 Hiya punct 9 Hiya Hiya PROPN Number=Sing 6 formal obl 10 » » PUNCT _ 6 formal punct 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 formal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present than Hiya; formal property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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