formerly Who acts: café, Mrs, town, shop, He, Dublin · What happens: mean, use, give, name, be, cover · To what, where: old name, person, bank, new teacher, busy port, land
«formerly» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: formerly in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Formerly means in the past, before now, but not any more.
advmod case det obl punct case advmod punct cc advmod advmod advmod punct root Formerly ADV means VERB in ADP the DET past NOUN , PUNCT before ADP now ADV , PUNCT but CCONJ not PART any ADV more ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Formerly formerly ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 past case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 past det 5 past past NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 now punct 7 before before ADP _ 8 now case 8 now now ADV PronType=Dem 2 means advmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 more punct 10 but but CCONJ _ 13 more cc 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 more advmod 12 any any ADV _ 13 more advmod 13 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 2 means advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present in the past; formerly property vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in past=Attribute
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
Formerly is used to give the old name of a person, place or thing.
The tree, 14 words advmod aux:pass mark xcomp det amod obj case det nmod punct conj cc conj punct root Formerly ADV is AUX used VERB to PART give VERB the DET old ADJ name NOUN of ADP a DET person NOUN , PUNCT place NOUN or CCONJ thing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Formerly formerly ADV _ 3 used advmod 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 used aux:pass 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 to to PART _ 5 give mark 5 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 used xcomp 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 name det 7 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 8 name amod 8 name name NOUN Number=Sing 5 give obj 9 of of ADP _ 11 person case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 person det 11 person person NOUN Number=Sing 8 name nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 place punct 13 place place NOUN Number=Sing 11 person conj 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 thing cc 15 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 11 person conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present · passive formerly property vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: clause=Eventuality 2 give to-infinitive the old name of a person and place or thing vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Theme 3 name a person and place or thing nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 1 The café was formerly a bank.
det nsubj cop advmod det punct root The DET café NOUN was AUX formerly ADV a DET bank NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 café det 2 café café NOUN Number=Sing 6 bank nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 bank cop 4 formerly formerly ADV _ 6 bank advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bank det 6 bank bank NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 bank punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the café a bank formerly property tree rules
Example 2 Mrs Smith, formerly Miss Jones, is our new teacher.
nsubj flat punct amod conj flat punct cop nmod:poss amod punct root Mrs PROPN Smith PROPN , PUNCT formerly ADJ Miss PROPN Jones PROPN , PUNCT is AUX our PRON new ADJ teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mrs Mrs PROPN Number=Sing 11 teacher nsubj 2 Smith Smith PROPN Number=Sing 1 Mrs flat 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 Miss punct 4 formerly formerly ADJ Degree=Pos 5 Miss amod 5 Miss Miss PROPN Number=Sing 1 Mrs conj 6 Jones Jones PROPN Number=Sing 5 Miss flat 7 , , PUNCT _ 1 Mrs punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 teacher cop 9 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 teacher nmod:poss 10 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 11 teacher amod 11 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 . . PUNCT _ 11 teacher punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Mrs and formerly Miss our new teacher tree rules
Example 3 The town was formerly a busy port.
det nsubj cop advmod det amod punct root The DET town NOUN was AUX formerly ADV a DET busy ADJ port NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 town det 2 town town NOUN Number=Sing 7 port nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 port cop 4 formerly formerly ADV _ 7 port advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 port det 6 busy busy ADJ Degree=Pos 7 port amod 7 port port NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 port punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the town a busy port formerly property tree rules
Example 4 This land was formerly covered in forest.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case obl punct root This DET land NOUN was AUX formerly ADV covered VERB in ADP forest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 land det 2 land land NOUN Number=Sing 5 covered nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 covered aux:pass 4 formerly formerly ADV _ 5 covered advmod 5 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 forest case 7 forest forest NOUN Number=Sing 5 covered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover past · passive this land in forest; formerly property vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in forest=Theme
Example 5 The shop, formerly known as Toyland, has a new name.
det nsubj punct advmod acl case obl punct det amod obj punct root The DET shop NOUN , PUNCT formerly ADV known VERB as ADP Toyland PROPN , PUNCT has VERB a DET new ADJ name NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shop det 2 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 9 has nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 known punct 4 formerly formerly ADV _ 5 known advmod 5 known know VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 shop acl 6 as as ADP _ 7 Toyland case 7 Toyland Toyland PROPN Number=Sing 5 known obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 2 shop punct 9 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 name det 11 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 12 name amod 12 name name NOUN Number=Sing 9 has obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know participle the shop not said here as Toyland; formerly property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as toyland=Attribute 2 have present the shop a new name vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient
Example 6 He formerly lived in Dublin, but now he lives in Cork.
nsubj advmod case obl punct cc advmod nsubj conj case obl punct root He PRON formerly ADV lived VERB in ADP Dublin PROPN , PUNCT but CCONJ now ADV he PRON lives VERB in ADP Cork PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 lived nsubj 2 formerly formerly ADV _ 3 lived advmod 3 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 Dublin case 5 Dublin Dublin PROPN Number=Sing 3 lived obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 lives punct 7 but but CCONJ _ 10 lives cc 8 now now ADV PronType=Dem 10 lives advmod 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 lives nsubj 10 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 lived conj 11 in in ADP _ 12 Cork case 12 Cork Cork PROPN Number=Sing 10 lives obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 lived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live past He Dublin formerly property vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dublin=Location 2 live present Dublin Cork now vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cork=Location
Example 7 The building was formerly used as a school.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case det obl punct root The DET building NOUN was AUX formerly ADV used VERB as ADP a DET school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 building det 2 building building NOUN Number=Sing 5 used nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 used aux:pass 4 formerly formerly ADV _ 5 used advmod 5 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 as as ADP _ 8 school case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 school det 8 school school NOUN Number=Sing 5 used obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past · passive the building as a school; formerly property vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as school=Attribute
Example 8 She would be as ‘terribly lonely’ as he had formerly been.
nsubj aux cop mark punct advmod punct mark nsubj parataxis advmod aux punct root She PRON would AUX be AUX as SCONJ ‘ PUNCT terribly ADV lonely ADJ ’ PUNCT as SCONJ he PRON had VERB formerly ADV been AUX . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 lonely nsubj 2 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 lonely aux 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 lonely cop 4 as as SCONJ _ 7 lonely mark 5 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 7 lonely punct 6 terribly terribly ADV _ 7 lonely advmod 7 lonely lonely ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 ’ ' PUNCT _ 7 lonely punct 9 as as SCONJ _ 11 had mark 10 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 had nsubj 11 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 lonely parataxis 12 formerly formerly ADV _ 11 had advmod 13 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 11 had aux 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 lonely punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is would She lonely, terribly property tree rules 2 have participle he formerly property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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