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fortification

Who acts: act, fortifications, Romans, We, fortification, Iron fortification · What happens: build, defend, make, add, include, visit · To what, where: other structure, place, vitamins, moat, fortifications, old harbour fortifications

«fortification» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: fortification in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A wall, tower, ditch or other structure built to defend a place from attack.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 wall	det
2	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 tower	punct
4	tower	tower	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 wall	conj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 ditch	punct
6	ditch	ditch	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 wall	conj
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 structure	cc
8	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 structure	amod
9	structure	structure	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ditch	conj
10	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 structure	acl
11	to	to	PART	_	12 defend	mark
12	defend	defend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 built	advcl
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 place	det
14	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 defend	obj
15	from	from	ADP	_	16 attack	case
16	attack	attack	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 place	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 wall	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	participle		other structure not said here					vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	defend	to-infinitive		a place				from attack	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent place=Beneficiary from attack=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

The act of making a place stronger against attack.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 act	det
2	act	act	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 stronger	nsubj
3	of	of	SCONJ	_	4 making	mark
4	making	make	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 act	acl
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 place	det
6	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 making	obj
7	stronger	strong	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
8	against	against	ADP	_	9 attack	case
9	attack	attack	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 stronger	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 stronger	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	gerund	the act not said here	a place					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset place=Product

Meaning 3

Usage: food — kept apart, not parsed.

Adding vitamins or minerals to food, such as vitamins added to cereal.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Adding	add	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	vitamins	vitamin	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Adding	obj
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 minerals	cc
4	minerals	mineral	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 vitamins	conj
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 food	case
6	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Adding	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 vitamins	punct
8	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	10 vitamins	case
9	as	as	ADP	_	8 such	fixed
10	vitamins	vitamin	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 food	conj
11	added	add	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 vitamins	acl
12	to	to	ADP	_	13 cereal	case
13	cereal	cereal	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 added	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Adding	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	gerund		vitamins or minerals				to food and vitamins	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent vitamin=Patient to food=Co-Patient
2	add speech: assert	participle		vitamins not said here				to cereal	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to cereal=Co-Patient

Example 1

The castle's fortifications included a moat and high walls.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 castle	det
2	castle	castle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fortifications	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 castle	case
4	fortifications	fortification	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 included	nsubj
5	included	include	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 moat	det
7	moat	moat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 included	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 walls	cc
9	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 walls	amod
10	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 moat	conj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 included	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	include	past	the castle's fortifications	a moat and high walls					vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moat=Theme

Example 2

Romans built fortifications along the border.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	2 built	nsubj
2	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	fortifications	fortification	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 built	obj
4	along	along	ADP	_	6 border	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 border	det
6	border	border	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 built	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 built	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	past	Romans	fortifications				along the border	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fortification=Product

Example 3

We visited the old harbour fortifications.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 visited	nsubj
2	visited	visit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 fortifications	det
4	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 fortifications	amod
5	harbour	harbour	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fortifications	compound
6	fortifications	fortification	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 visited	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 visited	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	visit	past	We	the old harbour fortifications					vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fortification=Co-Agent

Example 4

The fortification of the town took ten years.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fortification	det
2	fortification	fortification	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 took	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 town	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 town	det
5	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fortification	nmod
6	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 years	nummod
8	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 took	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 took	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	past	the fortification of the town				year		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Example 5

Iron fortification of cereal helps children's health.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fortification	compound
2	fortification	fortification	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 helps	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 cereal	case
4	cereal	cereal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fortification	nmod
5	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 health	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 children	case
8	health	health	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 helps	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 helps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	Iron fortification of cereal	children's health					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent health=Beneficiary

Example 6

Soldiers dug trenches as fortifications.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Soldiers	soldier	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dug	nsubj
2	dug	dig	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	trenches	trench	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dug	obj
4	as	as	ADP	_	5 fortifications	case
5	fortifications	fortification	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dug	obl
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 dug	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dig	past	Soldiers	trenches				as fortifications	vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent trench=Result as fortification=Attribute

Example 7

The citizens of a certain city were debating about the best material to use in the fortifications which were about to be erected for the greater security of the town.

The tree, 30 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 citizens	det
2	citizens	citizen	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 debating	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 city	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 city	det
5	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 city	amod
6	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 citizens	nmod
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 debating	aux
8	debating	debate	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
9	about	about	ADP	_	12 material	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 material	det
11	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	12 material	amod
12	material	material	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 debating	obl
13	to	to	PART	_	14 use	mark
14	use	use	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 debating	advcl
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 fortifications	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 fortifications	det
17	fortifications	fortification	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 use	obl
18	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	20 about	nsubj
19	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 about	cop
20	about	about	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 fortifications	acl:relcl
21	to	to	PART	_	23 erected	mark
22	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	23 erected	aux:pass
23	erected	erect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	20 about	xcomp
24	for	for	ADP	_	27 security	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 security	det
26	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	27 security	amod
27	security	security	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 erected	obl
28	of	of	ADP	_	30 town	case
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 town	det
30	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 security	nmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 debating	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	debate	past · progressive	the citizens of a certain city					about the best material	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.theme NP S_ING»: agent=Agent about material=Theme
2	use	to-infinitive	the citizens of a certain city not said here			the fortifications			vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is	past	the fortifications					about property	tree rules
4	erect	to-infinitive · passive	the fortifications not said here					for the greater security of the town	vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: for security=Beneficiary

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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