fortify Who acts: Normans, She, soldiers, Fortified foods, people · What happens: fortify, be, help, get · To what, where: place, yourself, food, cereal, town, castle · Speech: someone speaks here
«fortify» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: fortify in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To fortify a place is to make it stronger against attack by building walls, towers or ditches.
The tree, 17 words mark advcl det obj cop mark obj xcomp case obl case compound obl punct conj cc conj punct root To PART fortify VERB a DET place NOUN is AUX to PART make VERB it PRON stronger ADJ against ADP attack NOUN by ADP building NOUN walls NOUN , PUNCT towers NOUN or CCONJ ditches NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 fortify mark 2 fortify fortify VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 make advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 place det 4 place place NOUN Number=Sing 2 fortify obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 make cop 6 to to PART _ 7 make mark 7 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 make obj 9 stronger strong ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 make xcomp 10 against against ADP _ 11 attack case 11 attack attack NOUN Number=Sing 7 make obl 12 by by ADP _ 14 walls case 13 building building NOUN Number=Sing 14 walls compound 14 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur 7 make obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 towers punct 16 towers tower NOUN Number=Plur 14 walls conj 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 ditches cc 18 ditches ditch NOUN Number=Plur 14 walls conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 7 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fortify to-infinitive a place vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme place=Recipient 2 is present against attack; by building walls and towers or ditches; make, strong property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To fortify yourself is to make yourself stronger or braver, for example with food, a drink or encouragement.
The tree, 18 words mark csubj obj cop mark obj xcomp cc conj punct case obl case nmod punct det conj cc conj punct root To PART fortify VERB yourself PRON is AUX to PART make VERB yourself PRON stronger ADJ or CCONJ braver ADJ , PUNCT for ADP example NOUN with ADP food NOUN , PUNCT a DET drink NOUN or CCONJ encouragement NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 fortify mark 2 fortify fortify VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 make csubj 3 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 2 fortify obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 make cop 5 to to PART _ 6 make mark 6 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 6 make obj 8 stronger strong ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 make xcomp 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 braver cc 10 braver brave ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 stronger conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 example punct 12 for for ADP _ 13 example case 13 example example NOUN Number=Sing 6 make obl 14 with with ADP _ 15 food case 15 food food NOUN Number=Sing 13 example nmod 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 drink punct 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 drink det 18 drink drink NOUN Number=Sing 15 food conj 19 or or CCONJ _ 20 encouragement cc 20 encouragement encouragement NOUN Number=Sing 15 food conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fortify to-infinitive yourself vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme yourself=Recipient 2 is present for example with food and a drink or encouragement; make, strong property tree rules
Meaning 3 To fortify food is to add extra vitamins or minerals to it: «fortified cereal».
The tree, 14 words mark advcl obj cop mark amod obj cc conj case obl punct punct parataxis obj punct punct root To PART fortify VERB food NOUN is AUX to PART add VERB extra ADJ vitamins NOUN or CCONJ minerals NOUN to ADP it PRON : PUNCT « PUNCT fortified VERB cereal NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 fortify mark 2 fortify fortify VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 add advcl 3 food food NOUN Number=Sing 2 fortify obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 add cop 5 to to PART _ 6 add mark 6 add add VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 extra extra ADJ Degree=Pos 8 vitamins amod 8 vitamins vitamin NOUN Number=Plur 6 add obj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 minerals cc 10 minerals mineral NOUN Number=Plur 8 vitamins conj 11 to to ADP _ 12 it case 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 add obl 13 : : PUNCT _ 15 fortified punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 15 fortified punct 15 fortified fortify VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 add parataxis 16 cereal cereal NOUN Number=Sing 15 fortified obj 17 » » PUNCT _ 15 fortified punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 add punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fortify to-infinitive food vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme food=Recipient 2 be speech: assert present food add property tree rules 3 fortify in a quote participle cereal vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme cereal=Recipient
Example 1 The Normans fortified the town with stone walls.
det nsubj det obj case compound nmod punct root The DET Normans PROPN fortified VERB the DET town NOUN with ADP stone NOUN walls NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Normans det 2 Normans Norman PROPN Number=Plur 3 fortified nsubj 3 fortified fortify VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 town det 5 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 fortified obj 6 with with ADP _ 8 walls case 7 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 8 walls compound 8 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur 5 town nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 fortified punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fortify past the Normans the town with stone walls vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent town=Recipient with wall=Theme
Example 2 The castle was fortified with a moat and drawbridge.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl cc conj punct root The DET castle NOUN was AUX fortified VERB with ADP a DET moat NOUN and CCONJ drawbridge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 castle det 2 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 4 fortified nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 fortified aux:pass 4 fortified fortify VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 with with ADP _ 7 moat case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 moat det 7 moat moat NOUN Number=Sing 4 fortified obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 drawbridge cc 9 drawbridge drawbridge NOUN Number=Sing 7 moat conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 fortified punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fortify past · passive the castle with a moat and drawbridge vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: subject=Recipient with moat=Theme
Example 3 This cereal is fortified with iron and vitamins.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl cc conj punct root This DET cereal NOUN is AUX fortified VERB with ADP iron NOUN and CCONJ vitamins NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 cereal det 2 cereal cereal NOUN Number=Sing 4 fortified nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 fortified aux:pass 4 fortified fortify VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 with with ADP _ 6 iron case 6 iron iron NOUN Number=Sing 4 fortified obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 vitamins cc 8 vitamins vitamin NOUN Number=Plur 6 iron conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 fortified punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fortify present · passive this cereal with iron and vitamins vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: subject=Recipient with iron=Theme
Example 4 She fortified herself with a big breakfast before the race.
nsubj obj case det amod obl case det obl punct root She PRON fortified VERB herself PRON with ADP a DET big ADJ breakfast NOUN before ADP the DET race NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 fortified nsubj 2 fortified fortify VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 herself herself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 2 fortified obj 4 with with ADP _ 7 breakfast case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 breakfast det 6 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 7 breakfast amod 7 breakfast breakfast NOUN Number=Sing 2 fortified obl 8 before before ADP _ 10 race case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 race det 10 race race NOUN Number=Sing 2 fortified obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 fortified punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fortify past She herself = she before the race with a big breakfast vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent herself=Recipient with breakfast=Theme
Example 5 The soldiers fortified the hill.
det nsubj det obj punct root The DET soldiers NOUN fortified VERB the DET hill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 soldiers det 2 soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur 3 fortified nsubj 3 fortified fortify VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 hill det 5 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 3 fortified obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 fortified punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fortify past the soldiers the hill vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme hill=Recipient
Example 6 Fortified foods help people get enough vitamin D.
amod nsubj obj xcomp amod obj obj root Fortified VERB foods NOUN help VERB people NOUN get VERB enough ADJ vitamin NOUN D. PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fortified fortify VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 foods amod 2 foods food NOUN Number=Plur 3 help nsubj 3 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 help obj 5 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 help xcomp 6 enough enough ADJ Degree=Pos 7 vitamin amod 7 vitamin vitamin NOUN Number=Sing 5 get obj 8 D. D. PROPN Number=Sing 5 get obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fortify participle vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme 2 help present Fortified foods people vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary clause=Theme 3 get infinitive people not said here enough vitamin vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent vitamin=Beneficiary d.=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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