fossilised

Who acts: We, museum, Fossilised footprints, animals, Amber, uncle · What happens: turn, print, change, stick, find, fossilis · To what, where: fossil, plant, millions, ideas, past, fossilised shell · Speech: someone speaks here

«fossilised» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: fossilised in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Turned into a fossil: the remains or print of a plant or animal that has slowly turned to stone over millions of years.

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	into	into	ADP	_	4 fossil	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 fossil	det
4	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Turned	obl
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 remains	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 remains	det
7	remains	remains	NOUN	Number=Ptan	4 fossil	appos
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 print	cc
9	print	print	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 remains	conj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 plant	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 plant	det
12	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 print	nmod
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	14 animal	cc
14	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 plant	conj
15	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 turned	nsubj:pass
16	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 turned	aux
17	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	18 turned	advmod
18	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 plant	acl:relcl
19	to	to	ADP	_	20 stone	case
20	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 turned	obl
21	over	over	ADP	_	22 millions	case
22	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 turned	obl
23	of	of	ADP	_	24 years	case
24	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 millions	nmod
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Turned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	turn	participle		a fossil		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into fossil=Trajectory
2	turn	present · perfect · passive	a plant or animal	millions of years	to stone; slowly property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.agent V NP.theme PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: subject=Theme to stone=Source over million=Trajectory
3	print		a plant or animal			nom print «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: figurative — kept apart, not parsed.

Old-fashioned and unable to change, like ideas or rules stuck in the past.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 fashioned	amod
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 Old	punct
3	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 unable	cc
5	unable	unable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 fashioned	conj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 change	mark
7	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 unable	xcomp
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 ideas	punct
9	like	like	ADP	_	10 ideas	case
10	ideas	idea	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 change	obj
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 rules	cc
12	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 ideas	conj
13	stuck	stick	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 ideas	acl
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 past	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 past	det
16	past	past	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 stuck	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 fashioned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	to-infinitive		ideas or rules					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Patient
2	stick	participle		ideas or rules not said here		the past			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in past=Destination

Example 1

We found a fossilised shell on the beach at Lyme Regis.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 found	nsubj
2	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 shell	det
4	fossilised	fossilis	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 shell	amod
5	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 found	obj
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 beach	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 beach	det
8	beach	beach	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 found	obl
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 Lyme	case
10	Lyme	Lyme	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 beach	nmod
11	Regis	Regis	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Lyme	flat
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 found	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	past	We	a fossilised shell		the beach at Lyme			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Topic
2	fossilis	participle							tree rules

Example 2

The museum shows a fossilised dinosaur egg.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 museum	det
2	museum	museum	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	nsubj
3	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 egg	det
5	fossilised	fossilis	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 egg	amod
6	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 egg	compound
7	egg	egg	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	the museum	a fossilised dinosaur egg					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent egg=Recipient
2	fossilis	participle							tree rules

Example 3

Fossilised footprints prove that the animals walked here.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fossilised	fossilis	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 footprints	amod
2	footprints	footprint	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 prove	nsubj
3	prove	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 walked	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 animals	det
6	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 walked	nsubj
7	walked	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 prove	ccomp
8	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	7 walked	advmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 prove	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	roles by
1	fossilis	participle			tree rules
2	prove	present	Fossilised footprints		vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	walk	past	the animals	here	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 4

Amber can hold a fossilised insect inside it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Amber	amber	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hold	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 hold	aux
3	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 insect	det
5	fossilised	fossilis	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 insect	amod
6	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hold	obj
7	inside	inside	ADP	_	8 it	case
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 hold	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 hold	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	can	Amber	a fossilised insect				inside insect	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent insect=Theme inside it=Location
2	fossilis	participle							tree rules

Example 5

Over millions of years, the tree trunk fossilised into stone.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Over	over	ADP	_	2 millions	case
2	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 fossilised	obl
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 years	case
4	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 millions	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 millions	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 trunk	det
7	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 trunk	compound
8	trunk	trunk	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 fossilised	nsubj:pass
9	fossilised	fossilis	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	into	into	ADP	_	11 stone	case
11	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 fossilised	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 fossilised	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fossilis	participle · passive		the tree trunk		millions of years		into stone	tree rules

Example 6

My uncle says the school rules are fossilised and need updating.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 uncle	nmod:poss
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 rules	det
5	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rules	compound
6	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 fossilised	nsubj:pass
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 fossilised	aux:pass
8	fossilised	fossilis	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 says	ccomp
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 need	cc
10	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 fossilised	conj
11	updating	update	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 need	xcomp
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	My uncle		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	fossilis	present · passive		the school rules	tree rules
3	need	present			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
4	update speech: other not said to happen	gerund			vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/fossilised/