fossilise Who acts: Footprints, mud, Soft parts, We, Mary, Grandpa · What happens: turn, preserve, become, fix, change, fossilis · To what, where: fossil, dead plant, rock, ideas, dinosaur bones, millions · Speech: someone speaks here
«fossilise» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: fossilise in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
To slowly turn into a fossil, where a dead plant or animal is preserved in rock over millions of years.
The tree, 20 words mark advmod case det obl punct advmod det amod nsubj:pass cc conj aux:pass acl case obl case obl case nmod punct root To PART slowly ADV turn VERB into ADP a DET fossil NOUN , PUNCT where ADV a DET dead ADJ plant NOUN or CCONJ animal NOUN is AUX preserved VERB in ADP rock NOUN over ADP millions NOUN of ADP years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 turn mark 2 slowly slowly ADV _ 3 turn advmod 3 turn turn VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 into into ADP _ 6 fossil case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 fossil det 6 fossil fossil NOUN Number=Sing 3 turn obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 15 preserved punct 8 where where ADV PronType=Rel 15 preserved advmod 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 plant det 10 dead dead ADJ Degree=Pos 11 plant amod 11 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 15 preserved nsubj:pass 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 animal cc 13 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 11 plant conj 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 preserved aux:pass 15 preserved preserve VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 fossil acl 16 in in ADP _ 17 rock case 17 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 15 preserved obl 18 over over ADP _ 19 millions case 19 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 15 preserved obl 20 of of ADP _ 21 years case 21 years year NOUN Number=Plur 19 millions nmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 3 turn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn to-infinitive a fossil slowly property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into fossil=Trajectory 2 preserve present · passive a dead plant or animal rock over millions of years vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: of ideas or habits — kept apart, not parsed.
To become fixed and unable to change, as in «Their ideas had fossilised».
The tree, 13 words mark xcomp cc conj mark xcomp punct mark fixed punct nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux parataxis punct punct root To PART become VERB fixed VERB and CCONJ unable ADJ to PART change VERB , PUNCT as SCONJ in ADP « PUNCT Their PRON ideas NOUN had AUX fossilised VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 become mark 2 become become VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 fixed fix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 become xcomp 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 unable cc 5 unable unable ADJ Degree=Pos 3 fixed conj 6 to to PART _ 7 change mark 7 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 unable xcomp 8 , , PUNCT _ 15 fossilised punct 9 as as SCONJ _ 15 fossilised mark 10 in in ADP _ 9 as fixed 11 « « PUNCT _ 15 fossilised punct 12 Their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 ideas nmod:poss 13 ideas idea NOUN Number=Plur 15 fossilised nsubj:pass 14 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 15 fossilised aux 15 fossilised fossilis VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 change parataxis 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 fossilised punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 become punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become to-infinitive tree rules 2 fix participle vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient 3 change to-infinitive tree rules 4 fossilis in a quote past · perfect · passive Their ideas tree rules
Example 1 The dinosaur bones fossilised over millions of years.
det compound acl case obl case nmod punct root The DET dinosaur NOUN bones NOUN fossilised VERB over ADP millions NOUN of ADP years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 bones det 2 dinosaur dinosaur NOUN Number=Sing 3 bones compound 3 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 fossilised fossilis VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 bones acl 5 over over ADP _ 6 millions case 6 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 4 fossilised obl 7 of of ADP _ 8 years case 8 years year NOUN Number=Plur 6 millions nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 bones punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fossilis participle the dinosaur bones not said here millions of years tree rules
Example 2 Footprints can fossilise in mud that turns to rock.
nsubj aux case obl nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct root Footprints NOUN can AUX fossilise VERB in ADP mud NOUN that PRON turns VERB to ADP rock NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Footprints footprint NOUN Number=Plur 3 fossilise nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 fossilise aux 3 fossilise fossilise VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 mud case 5 mud mud NOUN Number=Sing 3 fossilise obl 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 turns nsubj 7 turns turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 mud acl:relcl 8 to to ADP _ 9 rock case 9 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 7 turns obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 fossilise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fossilise can Footprints mud tree rules 2 turn present mud rock vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to rock=Trajectory
Example 3 Soft parts like skin rarely fossilise.
amod nsubj case nmod advmod punct root Soft ADJ parts NOUN like ADP skin NOUN rarely ADV fossilise VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 2 parts amod 2 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 6 fossilise nsubj 3 like like ADP _ 4 skin case 4 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 2 parts nmod 5 rarely rarely ADV _ 6 fossilise advmod 6 fossilise fossilise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 fossilise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fossilise present Soft parts like skin rarely property tree rules
Example 4 We made a fossilised leaf print from plaster.
nsubj det amod compound obj case nmod punct root We PRON made VERB a DET fossilised VERB leaf NOUN print NOUN from ADP plaster NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 print det 4 fossilised fossilis VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 print amod 5 leaf leaf NOUN Number=Sing 6 print compound 6 print print NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 7 from from ADP _ 8 plaster case 8 plaster plaster NOUN Number=Sing 6 print nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past We a fossilised leaf print plaster vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent print=Product from plaster=Material 2 fossilis participle tree rules
Example 5 Mary Anning found a fossilised ichthyosaur.
nsubj flat det amod obj punct root Mary PROPN Anning PROPN found VERB a DET fossilised VERB ichthyosaur NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mary Mary PROPN Number=Sing 3 found nsubj 2 Anning Anning PROPN Number=Sing 1 Mary flat 3 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 ichthyosaur det 5 fossilised fossilis VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 ichthyosaur amod 6 ichthyosaur ichthyosaur NOUN Number=Sing 3 found obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past Mary a fossilised ichthyosaur vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ichthyosaur=Topic 2 fossilis participle tree rules
Example 6 Grandpa jokes that his old car is a fossilised wreck.
nsubj mark nmod:poss amod nsubj cop det amod ccomp punct root Grandpa PROPN jokes VERB that SCONJ his PRON old ADJ car NOUN is AUX a DET fossilised VERB wreck NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 2 jokes nsubj 2 jokes joke VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 10 wreck mark 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 car nmod:poss 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 car amod 6 car car NOUN Number=Sing 10 wreck nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 wreck cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 wreck det 9 fossilised fossilis VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 wreck amod 10 wreck wreck NOUN Number=Sing 2 jokes ccomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 jokes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 joke speech: other present Grandpa vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 fossilis participle tree rules 3 is a present Grandpa's old car a fossilised wreck tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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