foul Who acts: action, Dogs, rubbish bin, referee, you, dog · What happens: break, trip, push, make, not foul, have · To what, where: rules, player, rule, game, something, park · Speech: someone speaks here
«foul» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: foul in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Very dirty, smelly or unpleasant: «a foul smell».
advmod advcl punct conj cc conj punct punct det amod punct punct root Very ADV dirty ADJ , PUNCT smelly ADJ or CCONJ unpleasant ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET foul ADJ smell NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Very very ADV _ 2 dirty advmod 2 dirty dirty ADJ Degree=Pos 11 smell advcl 3 , , PUNCT _ 4 smelly punct 4 smelly smelly ADJ Degree=Pos 2 dirty conj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 unpleasant cc 6 unpleasant unpleasant ADJ Degree=Pos 2 dirty conj 7 : : PUNCT _ 11 smell punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 11 smell punct 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 smell det 10 foul foul ADJ Degree=Pos 11 smell amod 11 smell smell NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 » » PUNCT _ 11 smell punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 11 smell punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 2 Usage: in sport — kept apart, not parsed.
An action that breaks the rules, like tripping or pushing another player.
det nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct mark advcl cc conj det obj punct root An DET action NOUN that PRON breaks VERB the DET rules NOUN , PUNCT like SCONJ tripping VERB or CCONJ pushing VERB another DET player NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 action det 2 action action NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 breaks nsubj 4 breaks break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 action acl:relcl 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 rules det 6 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 4 breaks obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 tripping punct 8 like like SCONJ _ 9 tripping mark 9 tripping trip VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 breaks advcl 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 pushing cc 11 pushing push VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 tripping conj 12 another another DET PronType=Ind 13 player det 13 player player NOUN Number=Sing 11 pushing obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 action punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break present a action the rules vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient 2 trip gerund a action not said here vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 push gerund a action not said here another player vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent player=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To break a rule against a player in a game.
mark det obj case det obl case det obl punct root To PART break VERB a DET rule NOUN against ADP a DET player NOUN in ADP a DET game NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 break mark 2 break break VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 rule det 4 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 2 break obj 5 against against ADP _ 7 player case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 player det 7 player player NOUN Number=Sing 2 break obl 8 in in ADP _ 10 game case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 game det 10 game game NOUN Number=Sing 2 break obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 break punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break to-infinitive a rule a game against a player vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient
Meaning 4 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To make something dirty: «Dogs must not foul the park».
mark obj amod punct punct nsubj aux advmod parataxis det obj punct punct root To PART make VERB something PRON dirty ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT Dogs NOUN must AUX not PART foul VERB the DET park NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 make mark 2 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 make obj 4 dirty dirty ADJ Degree=Pos 3 something amod 5 : : PUNCT _ 10 foul punct 6 « « PUNCT _ 10 foul punct 7 Dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur 10 foul nsubj 8 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 foul aux 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 foul advmod 10 foul foul VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 make parataxis 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 park det 12 park park NOUN Number=Sing 10 foul obj 13 » » PUNCT _ 10 foul punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make to-infinitive something tree rules 2 not foul in a quote must Dogs the park tree rules
Meaning 5 Usage: of weather or mood — kept apart, not parsed.
Very bad: «foul weather», «a foul temper».
advmod punct punct amod parataxis punct punct punct det compound parataxis punct punct root Very ADV bad ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT foul ADJ weather NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT a DET foul NOUN temper NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Very very ADV _ 2 bad advmod 2 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 : : PUNCT _ 6 weather punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 6 weather punct 5 foul foul ADJ Degree=Pos 6 weather amod 6 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 2 bad parataxis 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 weather punct 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 temper punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 12 temper punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 temper det 11 foul foul NOUN Number=Sing 12 temper compound 12 temper temper NOUN Number=Sing 6 weather parataxis 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 temper punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 bad punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 6 Rude: «foul language».
punct punct amod appos punct punct root Rude ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT foul ADJ language NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 : : PUNCT _ 5 language punct 3 « « PUNCT _ 5 language punct 4 foul foul ADJ Degree=Pos 5 language amod 5 language language NOUN Number=Sing 1 Rude appos 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 language punct 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Rude punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1 The rubbish bin has a foul smell.
det compound nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET rubbish NOUN bin NOUN has VERB a DET foul ADJ smell NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 bin det 2 rubbish rubbish NOUN Number=Sing 3 bin compound 3 bin bin NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 smell det 6 foul foul ADJ Degree=Pos 7 smell amod 7 smell smell NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the rubbish bin a foul smell vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smell=Patient
Example 2 The referee blew the whistle for a foul.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET referee NOUN blew VERB the DET whistle NOUN for ADP a DET foul NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 referee det 2 referee referee NOUN Number=Sing 3 blew nsubj 3 blew blow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 whistle det 5 whistle whistle NOUN Number=Sing 3 blew obj 6 for for ADP _ 8 foul case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 foul det 8 foul foul NOUN Number=Sing 3 blew obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 blew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blow past the referee the whistle for a foul vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent whistle=Material for foul=Beneficiary
Example 3 He was fouled just outside the box.
nsubj aux:pass advmod case det obl punct root He PRON was AUX fouled VERB just ADV outside ADP the DET box NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 fouled nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 fouled aux:pass 3 fouled foul VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 just just ADV _ 7 box advmod 5 outside outside ADP _ 7 box case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 box det 7 box box NOUN Number=Sing 3 fouled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 fouled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 foul past · passive He outside the box tree rules
Example 4 Please clean up after your dog so it does not foul the path.
discourse compound:prt case nmod:poss obl mark nsubj aux advmod advcl det obj punct root Please INTJ clean VERB up ADP after ADP your PRON dog NOUN so SCONJ it PRON does AUX not PART foul VERB the DET path NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 clean discourse 2 clean clean VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 clean compound:prt 4 after after ADP _ 6 dog case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 dog nmod:poss 6 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 2 clean obl 7 so so SCONJ _ 11 foul mark 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 foul nsubj 9 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 foul aux 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 foul advmod 11 foul foul VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 clean advcl 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 path det 13 path path NOUN Number=Sing 11 foul obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 clean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 clean up imperative you not said here after your dog vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 not foul present · do-support dog the path tree rules
Example 5 We stayed inside because of the foul weather.
nsubj advmod case fixed det amod obl punct root We PRON stayed VERB inside ADV because ADP of ADP the DET foul ADJ weather NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 stayed nsubj 2 stayed stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 inside inside ADV _ 2 stayed advmod 4 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 8 weather case 5 of of ADP _ 4 because fixed 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 weather det 7 foul foul ADJ Degree=Pos 8 weather amod 8 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 2 stayed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 stayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stay past We because the foul weather; inside property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Foul language is not allowed in class.
amod nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case obl punct root Foul ADJ language NOUN is AUX not PART allowed VERB in ADP class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Foul foul ADJ Degree=Pos 2 language amod 2 language language NOUN Number=Sing 5 allowed nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 allowed aux:pass 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 allowed advmod 5 allowed allow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 class case 7 class class NOUN Number=Sing 5 allowed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 allowed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not allow present · passive Foul language class vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary
Example 7 She was in a foul mood after losing her keys.
nsubj cop case det compound mark acl nmod:poss obj punct root She PRON was AUX in ADP a DET foul NOUN mood NOUN after SCONJ losing VERB her PRON keys NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 mood nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 mood cop 3 in in ADP _ 6 mood case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 mood det 5 foul foul NOUN Number=Sing 6 mood compound 6 mood mood NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 after after SCONJ _ 8 losing mark 8 losing lose VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 mood acl 9 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 keys nmod:poss 10 keys key NOUN Number=Plur 8 losing obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 mood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past She a foul mood tree rules 2 lose gerund a foul mood not said here her keys vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent key=Eventuality
Example 8 In basketball, after five fouls a player must leave the game.
case obl punct case nummod obl det nsubj aux det obj punct root In ADP basketball NOUN , PUNCT after ADP five NUM fouls NOUN a DET player NOUN must AUX leave VERB the DET game NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 basketball case 2 basketball basketball NOUN Number=Sing 10 leave obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 basketball punct 4 after after ADP _ 6 fouls case 5 five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 fouls nummod 6 fouls foul NOUN Number=Plur 10 leave obl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 player det 8 player player NOUN Number=Sing 10 leave nsubj 9 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 leave aux 10 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 game det 12 game game NOUN Number=Sing 10 leave obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 leave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave must a player the game basketball after five fouls vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent game=Theme in basketball=Location
Example 9 The foul vapour of the beast and horror at its strangeness now overcame the prince, and he fainted.
The tree, 18 words det amod nsubj case det nmod cc conj case nmod:poss nmod advmod det obj punct cc nsubj conj punct root The DET foul ADJ vapour NOUN of ADP the DET beast NOUN and CCONJ horror NOUN at ADP its PRON strangeness NOUN now ADV overcame VERB the DET prince NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ he PRON fainted VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 vapour det 2 foul foul ADJ Degree=Pos 3 vapour amod 3 vapour vapour NOUN Number=Sing 13 overcame nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 6 beast case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 beast det 6 beast beast NOUN Number=Sing 3 vapour nmod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 horror cc 8 horror horror NOUN Number=Sing 6 beast conj 9 at at ADP _ 11 strangeness case 10 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 strangeness nmod:poss 11 strangeness strangeness NOUN Number=Sing 6 beast nmod 12 now now ADV PronType=Dem 13 overcame advmod 13 overcame overcome VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 prince det 15 prince prince NOUN Number=Sing 13 overcame obj 16 , , PUNCT _ 19 fainted punct 17 and and CCONJ _ 19 fainted cc 18 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 fainted nsubj 19 fainted faint VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 overcame conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 13 overcame punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 overcome past the foul vapour of the beast at vapour's strangeness and horror the prince now vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot prince=Theme 2 faint past he vn change_bodily_state-40.8.4 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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