frayed Who acts: Frayed cloth, edge, people, you, that, cable · What happens: fray, have, be, wear out, get, not use · To what, where: loose threads, edge, Frayed nerves, jeans, bottom, cable
«frayed» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: frayed in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Frayed cloth or rope has loose threads at the edge because it is old or worn.
The tree, 16 words amod nsubj cc conj amod obj case det nmod mark nsubj cop advcl cc conj punct root Frayed VERB cloth NOUN or CCONJ rope NOUN has VERB loose ADJ threads NOUN at ADP the DET edge NOUN because SCONJ it PRON is AUX old ADJ or CCONJ worn ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Frayed fray VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 cloth amod 2 cloth cloth NOUN Number=Sing 5 has nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 rope cc 4 rope rope NOUN Number=Sing 2 cloth conj 5 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 loose loose ADJ Degree=Pos 7 threads amod 7 threads thread NOUN Number=Plur 5 has obj 8 at at ADP _ 10 edge case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 edge det 10 edge edge NOUN Number=Sing 7 threads nmod 11 because because SCONJ _ 14 old mark 12 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 old nsubj 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 old cop 14 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 has advcl 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 worn cc 16 worn worn ADJ Degree=Pos 14 old conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fray participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 have present Frayed cloth or rope loose threads the edge vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thread=Patient 3 is present edge old property tree rules 4 be edge not said here tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Frayed nerves or tempers are worn out, so people get upset easily.
amod nsubj:pass cc conj aux:pass compound:prt punct advmod nsubj conj xcomp advmod punct root Frayed VERB nerves NOUN or CCONJ tempers NOUN are AUX worn VERB out ADP , PUNCT so ADV people NOUN get VERB upset ADJ easily ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Frayed fray VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 nerves amod 2 nerves nerve NOUN Number=Plur 6 worn nsubj:pass 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 tempers cc 4 tempers temper NOUN Number=Plur 2 nerves conj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 worn aux:pass 6 worn wear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 out out ADP _ 6 worn compound:prt 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 get punct 9 so so ADV _ 11 get advmod 10 people people NOUN Number=Plur 11 get nsubj 11 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 worn conj 12 upset upset ADJ Degree=Pos 11 get xcomp 13 easily easily ADV _ 11 get advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 worn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fray participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 wear out present · passive Frayed nerves or tempers vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: subject=Source 3 get present people easily, upset property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 1 My jeans are frayed at the bottom.
nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root My PRON jeans NOUN are AUX frayed VERB at ADP the DET bottom NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 jeans nmod:poss 2 jeans jeans NOUN Number=Ptan 4 frayed nsubj:pass 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 frayed aux:pass 4 frayed fray VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 at at ADP _ 7 bottom case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bottom det 7 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing 4 frayed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 frayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fray present · passive My jeans the bottom vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
Example 2 Don't use that frayed cable — it's dangerous.
aux advmod nsubj ccomp obj punct nsubj cop conj punct root Do AUX n't PART use VERB that PRON frayed VERB cable NOUN — PUNCT it PRON 's AUX dangerous ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 use aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 use advmod 3 use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 frayed nsubj 5 frayed fray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 use ccomp 6 cable cable NOUN Number=Sing 5 frayed obj 7 — - PUNCT _ 10 dangerous punct 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 dangerous nsubj 9 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 dangerous cop 10 dangerous dangerous ADJ Degree=Pos 3 use conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not use imperative · do-support you not said here vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 fray past that cable vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent cable=Patient 3 is present cable dangerous property tree rules
Example 3 The old rope was badly frayed.
det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod punct root The DET old ADJ rope NOUN was AUX badly ADV frayed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 rope det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 rope amod 3 rope rope NOUN Number=Sing 6 frayed nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 frayed aux:pass 5 badly badly ADV Degree=Pos 6 frayed advmod 6 frayed fray VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 frayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fray past · passive the old rope badly property vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
Example 4 Her shoelace was frayed and finally snapped.
nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux:pass cc advmod conj punct root Her PRON shoelace NOUN was AUX frayed VERB and CCONJ finally ADV snapped VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 shoelace nmod:poss 2 shoelace shoelace NOUN Number=Sing 4 frayed nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 frayed aux:pass 4 frayed fray VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 snapped cc 6 finally finally ADV _ 7 snapped advmod 7 snapped snap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 frayed conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 frayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fray past · passive Her shoelace vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient 2 snap past finally property vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 After hours of waiting, tempers frayed.
case obl case nmod punct nsubj punct root After ADP hours NOUN of ADP waiting NOUN , PUNCT tempers NOUN frayed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 2 hours case 2 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 7 frayed obl 3 of of ADP _ 4 waiting case 4 waiting waiting NOUN Number=Sing 2 hours nmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 2 hours punct 6 tempers temper NOUN Number=Plur 7 frayed nsubj 7 frayed fray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 frayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fray past tempers hour vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 6 The flag had frayed in the wind.
det nsubj:pass aux case det obl punct root The DET flag NOUN had AUX frayed VERB in ADP the DET wind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 flag det 2 flag flag NOUN Number=Sing 4 frayed nsubj:pass 3 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 frayed aux 4 frayed fray VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 wind case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 wind det 7 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 4 frayed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 frayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fray past · perfect · passive the flag the wind vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
Example 7 The blanket's edges were frayed.
det nmod:poss case nsubj:pass aux:pass punct root The DET blanket NOUN 's PART edges NOUN were AUX frayed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 blanket det 2 blanket blanket NOUN Number=Sing 4 edges nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 blanket case 4 edges edge NOUN Number=Plur 6 frayed nsubj:pass 5 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 frayed aux:pass 6 frayed fray VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 frayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fray past · passive the blanket's edges vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
Example 8 Frayed wires can start a fire.
amod nsubj aux det obj punct root Frayed VERB wires NOUN can AUX start VERB a DET fire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Frayed fray VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 wires amod 2 wires wire NOUN Number=Plur 4 start nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 start aux 4 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 fire det 6 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 4 start obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 start punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fray participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 start can Frayed wires a fire vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Eventuality
Example 9 The shirt-collar was rather frayed out at the edge, so the scissors came to cut off the threads.
The tree, 19 words det compound punct nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod compound:prt case det obl punct advmod det nsubj conj mark xcomp compound:prt det obj punct root The DET shirt NOUN - PUNCT collar NOUN was AUX rather ADV frayed VERB out ADP at ADP the DET edge NOUN , PUNCT so ADV the DET scissors NOUN came VERB to PART cut VERB off ADP the DET threads NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 collar det 2 shirt shirt NOUN Number=Sing 4 collar compound 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 shirt punct 4 collar collar NOUN Number=Sing 7 frayed nsubj:pass 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 frayed aux:pass 6 rather rather ADV _ 7 frayed advmod 7 frayed fray VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 out out ADP _ 7 frayed compound:prt 9 at at ADP _ 11 edge case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 edge det 11 edge edge NOUN Number=Sing 7 frayed obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 came punct 13 so so ADV _ 16 came advmod 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 scissors det 15 scissors scissors NOUN Number=Plur 16 came nsubj 16 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 frayed conj 17 to to PART _ 18 cut mark 18 cut cut VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 came xcomp 19 off off ADP _ 18 cut compound:prt 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 threads det 21 threads thread NOUN Number=Plur 18 cut obj 22 . . PUNCT _ 7 frayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fray out past · passive the shirt collar the edge vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient 2 come past the scissors tree rules 3 cut off to-infinitive the scissors not said here the threads vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector thread=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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